Belete Gizachew Tilahun, Zhou Lei, Li King-Kit, So Pui-Kin, Do Chi-Wai, Lam Thomas Chuen
Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Front Mol Biosci. 2024 Aug 13;11:1403844. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1403844. eCollection 2024.
Multifactorial Eye disorders are a significant public health concern and have a huge impact on quality of life. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these eye disorders were not completely understood since functional and low-throughput biological tests were used. By identifying biomarkers linked to eye disorders, metabolomics enables early identification, tracking of the course of the disease, and personalized treatment.
The electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for research related to Age-Related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, myopia, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The search was conducted in August 2023. The number of cases and controls, the study's design, the analytical methods used, and the results of the metabolomics analysis were all extracted. Using the QUADOMICS tool, the quality of the studies included was evaluated, and metabolic pathways were examined for distinct metabolic profiles. We used MetaboAnalyst 5.0 to undertake pathway analysis of differential metabolites.
Metabolomics studies included in this review consisted of 36 human studies (5 Age-related macular degeneration, 10 Glaucoma, 13 Diabetic retinopathy, and 8 Myopia). The most networked metabolites in AMD include glycine and adenosine monophosphate, while methionine, lysine, alanine, glyoxylic acid, and cysteine were identified in glaucoma. Furthermore, in myopia, glycerol, glutamic acid, pyruvic acid, glycine, cysteine, and oxoglutaric acid constituted significant metabolites, while glycerol, glutamic acid, lysine, citric acid, alanine, and serotonin are highly networked metabolites in cases of diabetic retinopathy. The common top metabolic pathways significantly enriched and associated with AMD, glaucoma, DR, and myopia were arginine and proline metabolism, methionine metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, urea cycle metabolism, and purine metabolism
This review recapitulates potential metabolic biomarkers, networks and pathways in AMD, glaucoma, DR, and myopia, providing new clues to elucidate disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. The emergence of advanced metabolomics techniques has significantly enhanced the capability of metabolic profiling and provides novel perspectives on the metabolism and underlying pathogenesis of these multifactorial eye conditions. The advancement of metabolomics is anticipated to foster a deeper comprehension of disease etiology, facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and usher in an era of personalized medicine in eye research.
多因素眼病是一个重大的公共卫生问题，对生活质量有巨大影响。由于使用的是功能和通量较低的生物学检测方法，这些眼病背后的病理生理机制尚未完全明了。通过识别与眼病相关的生物标志物，代谢组学能够实现早期诊断、追踪疾病进程并进行个性化治疗。
在PubMed、Scopus、PsycINFO和Web of Science等电子数据库中搜索与年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）、青光眼、近视和糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）相关的研究。检索于2023年8月进行。提取病例数和对照数、研究设计、使用的分析方法以及代谢组学分析结果。使用QUADOMICS工具评估纳入研究的质量，并检查代谢途径以确定不同的代谢谱。我们使用MetaboAnalyst 5.0对差异代谢物进行通路分析。
本综述纳入的代谢组学研究包括36项人体研究（5项年龄相关性黄斑变性、10项青光眼、13项糖尿病视网膜病变和8项近视）。AMD中网络连接最多的代谢物包括甘氨酸和单磷酸腺苷，而青光眼患者中则鉴定出甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸、丙氨酸、乙醛酸和半胱氨酸。此外，在近视中，甘油、谷氨酸、丙酮酸、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸和氧代戊二酸是重要代谢物，而在糖尿病视网膜病变患者中，甘油、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、柠檬酸、丙氨酸和血清素是网络连接较多的代谢物。与AMD、青光眼、DR和近视显著富集并相关的常见顶级代谢途径是精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、甲硫氨酸代谢、甘氨酸和丝氨酸代谢、尿素循环代谢以及嘌呤代谢。
本综述概括了AMD、青光眼、DR和近视中潜在的代谢生物标志物、网络和途径，为阐明疾病机制和治疗靶点提供了新线索。先进代谢组学技术的出现显著增强了代谢谱分析能力，并为这些多因素眼病的代谢和潜在发病机制提供了新视角。预计代谢组学的进展将促进对疾病病因的更深入理解，有助于识别新的治疗靶点，并引领眼部研究进入个性化医学时代。
