Appiah-Effah Eugene, Duku Godwin Armstrong, Dwumfour-Asare Bismark, Manu Isaac, Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum
Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana.
Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana.
Heliyon. 2020 Sep 23;6(9):e04998. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04998. eCollection 2020 Sep.
This study investigated the effects of two mostly improvised chemical additives, calcium carbide and lambda super 2.5 EC (LSEC), on the physico-chemical and microbial characteristics of faecal sludge from toilets. The quality of faecal sludge was assessed before and after application of the chemical additives in an experimental setup of ten different treatment units including a control, and treatment replicates. The initial characteristic of the faecal sludge was slightly acidic with high content of slowly degradable organic matter. The experimental control without additives after 30 days showed reduction in BOD, COD, helminth eggs and sludge mass by a maximum of 30%, 34.7%, 99.8% and 55% respectively. Similarly, calcium carbide additive reduced the BOD, COD, helminth eggs and the mass of the faecal sludge by 47.4%, 48.3%, 99.6% and 61% respectively. Also, LSEC additive reduced BOD, COD, helminth eggs and the mass of the sludge by 40.6%, 47.9%, 95.9% and 58% respectively. The two additives showed significant treatment effect on the faecal sludge although the level of treatment could not meet the regulatory discharge limits for the key quality parameters assessed including sanitisation. The study is still a grey area and more research is recommended to enrich the findings.
本研究调查了两种主要为临时使用的化学添加剂——电石和高效氯氟氰菊酯2.5乳油（LSEC）对厕所粪便污泥理化特性和微生物特性的影响。在包括一个对照组和处理重复组的十个不同处理单元的实验装置中，对施用化学添加剂前后的粪便污泥质量进行了评估。粪便污泥的初始特性为微酸性，含有高含量的难降解有机物。30天后，无添加剂的实验对照组的生化需氧量（BOD）、化学需氧量（COD）、蠕虫卵和污泥质量分别最多降低了30%、34.7%、99.8%和55%。同样，电石添加剂使粪便污泥的BOD、COD、蠕虫卵和污泥质量分别降低了47.4%、48.3%、99.6%和61%。此外，LSEC添加剂使污泥的BOD、COD、蠕虫卵和质量分别降低了40.6%、47.9%、95.9%和58%。尽管处理水平未能达到包括卫生处理在内的关键质量参数的监管排放限值，但这两种添加剂对粪便污泥均显示出显著的处理效果。该研究仍处于灰色地带，建议开展更多研究以丰富研究结果。
