Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University.
J Fam Psychol. 2021 Mar;35(2):203-212. doi: 10.1037/fam0000806. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
Parental scaffolding, or parenting behaviors that support children's independence and competence, can foster children's self-regulation development. Children facing higher cumulative risk may experience less scaffolding and more directives from parents, but it is unclear how cumulative risk affects the dynamics of parent-child interactions in real time. We examined the role of cumulative risk in mothers' moment-to-moment use of scaffolding and directives in response to preschoolers' off- and on-task behaviors ( = 117). Mothers answered questionnaires about cumulative risk at child age 2.5 years and completed a challenging puzzle task with their preschoolers at age 3 years. Continuous-time multilevel survival analyses revealed differences by cumulative risk in the likelihood of mothers' parenting responses following children's off- and on-task behavioral transitions over the course of the interaction. Specifically, when children went off-task, higher cumulative risk was associated with a lower likelihood of maternal scaffolding, but a comparable likelihood of directives, compared to lower risk mothers. When children got on-task, mothers with higher cumulative risk were less likely to respond with scaffolding and more likely to respond with directives than lower risk mothers. These results suggest that parents at higher risk respond with less scaffolding regardless of child behavior and respond with more directive commands when they may be unnecessary. Findings provide novel, real-time descriptive information about how and when parents experiencing cumulative risk use scaffolding and directive strategies, thus informing microlevel targets for intervention. Implications for the development of self-regulation in children at risk are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
父母的支架作用，即支持孩子独立性和能力的养育行为，可以促进孩子的自我调节发展。面临更高累积风险的孩子可能会经历较少的支架作用和更多来自父母的指令，但尚不清楚累积风险如何实时影响亲子互动的动态。我们研究了累积风险在母亲对学龄前儿童离线和在线行为反应中即时使用支架和指令的作用（=117）。母亲在孩子 2.5 岁时回答关于累积风险的问卷，并在孩子 3 岁时与他们一起完成一项具有挑战性的拼图任务。连续时间多层生存分析显示，在互动过程中，随着孩子离线和在线行为转变，累积风险的差异影响了母亲养育反应的可能性。具体来说，当孩子离线时，较高的累积风险与母亲支架作用的可能性降低相关，但与低风险母亲相比，指令的可能性相当。当孩子在线时，高风险母亲不太可能通过支架作用做出反应，而更有可能通过指令做出反应，而不是低风险母亲。这些结果表明，高风险的父母无论孩子的行为如何，都会做出较少的支架作用反应，并在可能不必要时做出更多的指令反应。研究结果提供了有关父母在面临累积风险时如何以及何时使用支架和指令策略的新的实时描述性信息，从而为微观干预目标提供了信息。讨论了风险儿童自我调节发展的意义。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
