Merz Emily C, Landry Susan H, Zucker Tricia A, Barnes Marcia A, Assel Michael, Taylor Heather B, Lonigan Christopher J, Phillips Beth M, Clancy-Menchetti Jeanine, Eisenberg Nancy, Spinrad Tracy L, Valiente Carlos, de Villiers Jill, Consortium The School Readiness Research
Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, 7th Floor, New York, New York 10032.
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Suite 2300, Houston, TX, 77030.
Infant Child Dev. 2016 Sep-Oct;25(5):371-390. doi: 10.1002/icd.1946. Epub 2015 Nov 27.
This study examined longitudinal associations between specific parenting factors and delay inhibition in socioeconomically disadvantaged preschoolers. At Time 1, parents and 2- to 4-year-old children (mean age = 3.21 years; = 247) participated in a videotaped parent-child free play session, and children completed delay inhibition tasks (gift delay-wrap, gift delay-bow, and snack delay tasks). Three months later, at Time 2, children completed the same set of tasks. Parental responsiveness was coded from the parent-child free play sessions, and parental directive language was coded from transcripts of a subset of 127 of these sessions. Structural equation modeling was used, and covariates included age, gender, language skills, parental education, and Time 1 delay inhibition. Results indicated that in separate models, Time 1 parental directive language was significantly negatively associated with Time 2 delay inhibition, and Time 1 parental responsiveness was significantly positively associated with Time 2 delay inhibition. When these parenting factors were entered simultaneously, Time 1 parental directive language significantly predicted Time 2 delay inhibition whereas Time 1 parental responsiveness was no longer significant. Findings suggest that parental language that modulates the amount of autonomy allotted the child may be an important predictor of early delay inhibition skills.
本研究考察了社会经济地位不利的学龄前儿童中特定育儿因素与延迟抑制之间的纵向关联。在时间1，家长和2至4岁的儿童（平均年龄 = 3.21岁； = 247）参与了一场亲子自由玩耍的录像环节，儿童完成了延迟抑制任务（礼物延迟包装、礼物延迟系蝴蝶结和零食延迟任务）。三个月后，在时间2，儿童完成了相同的一组任务。从亲子自由玩耍环节中对家长的反应性进行编码，从其中127个环节的文字记录中对家长的指示性语言进行编码。使用了结构方程模型，协变量包括年龄、性别、语言技能、家长教育程度和时间1的延迟抑制。结果表明，在单独的模型中，时间1的家长指示性语言与时间2的延迟抑制显著负相关，时间1的家长反应性与时间2的延迟抑制显著正相关。当同时纳入这些育儿因素时，时间1的家长指示性语言显著预测了时间2的延迟抑制，而时间1的家长反应性不再显著。研究结果表明，调节给予孩子自主权数量的家长语言可能是早期延迟抑制技能的一个重要预测指标。
