Gabel Kelsey, Varady Krista A
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Physiol. 2022 Mar;600(6):1313-1326. doi: 10.1113/JP280542. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
Intermittent fasting has grown in popularity as a weight loss strategy in recent years. In particular, time restricted eating (TRE) has been popularized in the diet industry with dozens of books touting its ability to promote weight loss and improve glucose regulation. TRE involves confining the eating window to a specified number of hours per day (usually 4-10 h), and fasting (with zero-calorie beverages) for the remaining hours of the day. While several studies of TRE have been performed in rodent models, human studies are only now emerging. The goal of this review is to summarize the effects of TRE on body weight and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in human subjects. Accumulating evidence shows that TRE may spontaneously decrease energy intake by 20-30% under ad libitum conditions, producing small but statistically significant weight loss of 1-4%. In addition, TRE may significantly decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure independent of weight loss. Further, improvements in fasting insulin and insulin resistance have also been reported. Taken together, these preliminary data suggest that TRE produces mild weight loss, and also may improve some aspects of cardiometabolic health by lowering blood pressure and insulin resistance.
近年来，间歇性禁食作为一种减肥策略越来越受欢迎。特别是限时进食（TRE）在饮食行业中得到了推广，有几十本书宣扬其促进减肥和改善血糖调节的能力。TRE包括将进食窗口限制在每天特定的小时数（通常为4至10小时），并在一天中的其余时间禁食（饮用零热量饮料）。虽然已经在啮齿动物模型中进行了几项关于TRE的研究，但人体研究才刚刚出现。这篇综述的目的是总结TRE对人体体重和心血管代谢疾病风险因素的影响。越来越多的证据表明，在自由进食条件下，TRE可能会使能量摄入自发减少20%至30%，导致体重有1%至4%的轻微但具有统计学意义的减轻。此外，TRE可能会在与体重减轻无关的情况下显著降低收缩压和舒张压。此外，也有报道称空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗有所改善。综上所述，这些初步数据表明，TRE能产生轻微的体重减轻，并且还可能通过降低血压和胰岛素抵抗来改善心血管代谢健康的某些方面。
