Cienfuegos Sofia, McStay Mara, Gabel Kelsey, Varady Krista A
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Physiol. 2022 Mar;600(5):1253-1264. doi: 10.1113/JP281101. Epub 2021 Sep 8.
Type 2 diabetes can potentially be prevented by targeted lifestyle and weight loss interventions. Time restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting that has emerged as a novel diet strategy to reduce body weight and improve glycaemic control. TRE involves eating within a certain window of time (usually 4 to 10 h), and water-fasting for the remaining hours of the day. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effects of TRE on body weight and markers of glycaemic control in human subjects. We also aim to provide mechanistic insights into the effect of TRE on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Results to date reveal that TRE produces mild weight loss (1%-4% from baseline) and energy restriction, when food consumption is restricted to 4-10 h/day. TRE also reduces fasting insulin and improves insulin sensitivity in individuals with prediabetes and those with obesity. Moreover, TRE improves glucose tolerance and decreases serum glucose excursions. The possible mechanisms underlying these benefits include increased autophagic flux, mild elevations in ketone bodies, a reduction in oxidative stress, and the stimulation of β-cell responsiveness. While these preliminary results offer promise for the use of TRE in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, larger and longer-term human trials will be needed to confirm these findings.
2型糖尿病有可能通过有针对性的生活方式和减肥干预措施来预防。限时进食（TRE）是一种间歇性禁食形式，已成为一种新型饮食策略，用于减轻体重和改善血糖控制。TRE包括在特定的时间段内进食（通常为4至10小时），并在一天中的其余时间进行禁水禁食。本综述的目的是总结TRE对人体体重和血糖控制指标的影响。我们还旨在提供有关TRE对胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐量影响的机制性见解。迄今为止的结果表明，当食物摄入量限制在每天4至10小时时，TRE会导致轻度体重减轻（比基线减轻1%-4%）和能量限制。TRE还能降低空腹胰岛素水平，并改善糖尿病前期个体和肥胖个体的胰岛素敏感性。此外，TRE可改善葡萄糖耐量并减少血清葡萄糖波动。这些益处背后的可能机制包括自噬通量增加、酮体轻度升高、氧化应激降低以及β细胞反应性增强。虽然这些初步结果为TRE用于预防2型糖尿病带来了希望，但还需要更大规模和更长期的人体试验来证实这些发现。
