Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 3058506, Japan.
Environ Int. 2020 Dec;145:106153. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106153. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer active fire and land use products were integrated to extract and classify biomass burning (BB) data for South Asia (SA) and Southeast Asia (SEA). Several trend and geographic distribution analyses were conducted at the grid (0.25° × 0.25°) and regional scales. As the principal local form of BB, crop residue burning (CRB) in SA increased by 844 spots/yr, and the Mann-Kendall (MK) τ reached 0.61. Additionally, the CRB in Punjab-Haryana, a region a well-known for severest CRB, presented a significant declining trend. BB in mainland SEA was much more intense and was dominated by forest and shrubland fires. Forest fires in mainland SEA declined at a rate of -209 spots/yr, and shrubland fire conversely grew at a rate of 803 spots/yr, which was likely related to the dramatic land cover change induced by the local swidden agriculture. Unlike other regions, BB in equatorial SEA primarily occurred in the second half of the year (August to October), and it was extremely vulnerable to El Niño events. When the annual sea surface temperature anomalies within the Niño 3 region improved by 1 °C, the annual BB spots and fire radiative power in equatorial SEA increased by 5.18 × 10 and 2.40 × 10 MW, respectively. Although the interannual variations in equatorial SEA were dramatic, the robust Siegel's repeated median estimator still revealed that equatorial SEA BB significantly declined by -1825 spots/yr. This regional decline reflects government endeavors to curb indigenous BB. However, regions with enhanced BB still need to draw more attention, and it is imperative for the Indonesian government to take substantial measures to reduce anthropogenic fire sources during El Niño events.
在这项研究中，中分辨率成像光谱仪主动火灾和土地利用产品被整合在一起，以提取和分类南亚（SA）和东南亚（SEA）的生物质燃烧（BB）数据。在网格（0.25°×0.25°）和区域尺度上进行了几项趋势和地理分布分析。作为 SA 中主要的本地 BB 形式，农作物残茬燃烧（CRB）增加了 844 个点/年，Mann-Kendall（MK）τ达到 0.61。此外，在旁遮普邦-哈里亚纳邦（一个以最严重的 CRB 而闻名的地区），CRB 呈现出显著的下降趋势。SEA 大陆的 BB 更为强烈，主要由森林和灌木林火灾主导。SEA 大陆的森林火灾以每年-209 个点/年的速度减少，而灌木林火灾则以每年 803 个点/年的速度增加，这可能与当地刀耕火种农业引起的剧烈土地覆盖变化有关。与其他地区不同，SEA 赤道地区的 BB 主要发生在下半年（8 月至 10 月），并且极易受到厄尔尼诺事件的影响。当 Niño 3 区的年海表温度异常升高 1°C 时，赤道 SEA 的年 BB 点和火灾辐射功率分别增加了 5.18×10 和 2.40×10 MW。尽管赤道 SEA 的年际变化很大，但稳健的 Siegel 重复中位数估计器仍显示赤道 SEA 的 BB 显著减少了-1825 个点/年。这种区域下降反映了政府遏制本土 BB 的努力。然而，仍需要加强对增强 BB 的区域的关注，印尼政府必须采取重大措施，在厄尔尼诺事件期间减少人为火源。
