Sarić-Krsmanović Marija, Dragumilo Ana, Gajić Umiljendić Jelena, Radivojević Ljiljana, Šantrić Ljiljana, Đurović-Pejčev Rada
Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute for Medicinal Plant Research "Dr. Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Sep 29;9(10):1286. doi: 10.3390/plants9101286.
Peppermint ( L.) and chamomile ( (L.) Rausch.) are aromatic plants with considerable economic value. These plants and their essential oils are used in medicine, cosmetics, and the food industry. One of the main limiting factors in peppermint and chamomile commercial cultivation is weed competition since weeds are able to decrease both oil amount and biomass yield. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of parasitism by field dodder ( Yunck.) on peppermint and chamomile dry weight and their essential oil yield and composition. Essential oils from both noninfested and infested peppermint and chamomile plants were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized chemically by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The amount of dry matter accumulated by peppermint and chamomile plants infested by field dodder was lower (25% and 63%, respectively) compared to noninfested plants. Essential oil yield increased for peppermint (3.87% (/) and 3.63% (/)), but decreased for chamomile (0.2% (/) and 0.5% (/)) both from infested and noninfested plants, respectively. The oil composition profile significantly differed in terms of content. In peppermint plants, field dodder infestation increased menthone content by 23%, and decreased the content of both menthol by 11% and pulegone by 67%. Furthermore, δ-cadinene was detected only in oil extracted from infested peppermint plants. Compared to peppermint, chamomile plants were significantly more affected by field dodder in terms of essential oil yield, as well as oil composition and plant dry weight. In chamomile plants, ()-dendrolasin was detected in the oil of noninfested plants, and 1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-azulen-2-ol was detected only in the oil of infested plants.
薄荷（唇形科）和洋甘菊（菊科）是具有重要经济价值的芳香植物。这些植物及其精油被用于医药、化妆品和食品工业。薄荷和洋甘菊商业种植的主要限制因素之一是杂草竞争，因为杂草会降低精油产量和生物量产量。本研究的目的是确定田野菟丝子（菟丝子属）寄生对薄荷和洋甘菊干重及其精油产量和成分的影响。通过水蒸馏法从未受侵染和受侵染的薄荷和洋甘菊植株中提取精油，并采用气相色谱（GC）与质谱（MS）联用技术对其进行化学表征。与未受侵染的植株相比，受田野菟丝子侵染的薄荷和洋甘菊植株积累的干物质较少（分别低25%和63%）。薄荷的精油产量增加（分别为3.87%（体积分数）和3.63%（体积分数）），而洋甘菊的精油产量降低（分别为0.2%（体积分数）和0.5%（体积分数）），无论植株是否受侵染。精油成分在含量方面存在显著差异。在薄荷植株中，田野菟丝子侵染使薄荷酮含量增加23%，薄荷醇含量降低11%，长叶薄荷酮含量降低67%。此外，仅在受侵染的薄荷植株提取的精油中检测到δ-杜松烯。与薄荷相比，洋甘菊植株在精油产量、精油成分和植株干重方面受田野菟丝子的影响更大。在洋甘菊植株中，未受侵染植株的精油中检测到（）-松油烯，仅在受侵染植株的精油中检测到1,4-二甲基-7-（1-甲基乙基）-薁-2-醇。
