Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Siedlecka 2, 72-010 Police, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 9;13(4):1244. doi: 10.3390/nu13041244.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as products of intestinal bacterial metabolism, are particularly relevant in the diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis. The most common studies of microbiome metabolites include butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid, which occur in varying proportions depending on diet, age, coexisting disease and other factors. During pregnancy, metabolic changes related to the protection of energy homeostasis are of fundamental importance for the developing fetus, its future metabolic fate and the mother's health. SCFAs act as signaling molecules that regulate the body's energy balance through G-protein receptors. GPR41 receptors affect metabolism through the microflora, while GPR43 receptors are recognized as a molecular link between diet, microflora, gastrointestinal tract, immunity and the inflammatory response. The possible mechanism by which the gut microflora may contribute to fat storage, as well as the occurrence of gestational insulin resistance, is blocking the expression of the fasting-induced adipose factor. SCFAs, in particular propionic acid via GPR, determine the development and metabolic programming of the fetus in pregnant women. The mechanisms regulating lipid metabolism during pregnancy are similar to those found in obese people and those with impaired microbiome and its metabolites. The implications of SCFAs and metabolic disorders during pregnancy are therefore critical to maternal health and neonatal development. In this review paper, we summarize the current knowledge about SCFAs, their potential impact and possible mechanisms of action in relation to maternal metabolism during pregnancy. Therefore, they constitute a contemporary challenge to practical nutritional therapy. Material and methods: The PubMed database were searched for "pregnancy", "lipids", "SCFA" in conjunction with "diabetes", "hypertension", and "microbiota", and searches were limited to work published for a period not exceeding 20 years in the past. Out of 2927 publication items, 2778 papers were excluded from the analysis, due to being unrelated to the main topic, conference summaries and/or articles written in a language other than English, while the remaining 126 publications were included in the analysis.
短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）作为肠道细菌代谢的产物，在肠道菌群失调的诊断中尤为重要。微生物组代谢产物的最常见研究包括丁酸、丙酸和乙酸，它们的比例因饮食、年龄、并存疾病等因素而异。在怀孕期间，与能量平衡保护相关的代谢变化对发育中的胎儿、其未来的代谢命运和母亲的健康至关重要。SCFAs 作为信号分子，通过 G 蛋白受体调节机体的能量平衡。GPR41 受体通过微生物群影响代谢，而 GPR43 受体被认为是饮食、微生物群、胃肠道、免疫和炎症反应之间的分子联系。肠道微生物群可能通过阻止禁食诱导脂肪因子的表达来促进脂肪储存以及妊娠胰岛素抵抗的发生的潜在机制。SCFAs，特别是丙酸通过 GPR，决定了孕妇中胎儿的发育和代谢编程。调节妊娠期间脂质代谢的机制与肥胖人群以及微生物群及其代谢物受损的人群相似。因此，SCFAs 和代谢紊乱在怀孕期间的影响对母婴健康和新生儿发育至关重要。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了目前关于 SCFAs 的知识，以及它们在妊娠期间与母体代谢相关的潜在影响和可能的作用机制。因此，它们构成了当代对实用营养治疗的挑战。材料和方法：在 PubMed 数据库中以“pregnancy”（妊娠）、“lipids”（脂质）、“SCFA”（短链脂肪酸）与“diabetes”（糖尿病）、“hypertension”（高血压）和“microbiota”（微生物群）进行联合检索，并将检索范围限制为过去 20 年内发表的工作。在 2927 项出版项目中，由于与主要主题无关、会议摘要和/或用英语以外的语言撰写的文章，有 2778 项被排除在分析之外，而其余 126 项出版物被包括在分析中。
