Maastricht University.
Sci Context. 2020 Mar;33(1):19-35. doi: 10.1017/S0269889720000101.
Nineteenth-century Prussia was deeply entrenched in philhellenism, which affected the ideological framework of its public institutions. At Berlin's Friedrich Wilhelm University, philhellenism provided the rationale for a persistent elevation of the humanities over the burgeoning experimental life sciences. Despite this outspoken hierarchy, professor of physiology Emil du Bois-Reymond eventually managed to increase the prestige of his discipline considerably. We argue that du Bois-Reymond's use of philhellenic repertoires in his expositions on physiology for the educated German public contributed to the rise of physiology as a renowned scientific discipline. Du Bois-Reymond's rhetorical strategies helped to disassociate experimental physiology from clinical medicine, legitimize experimental practices, and associate the emerging discipline with the more esteemed humanities and theoretical sciences. His appropriation of philhellenic rhetoric thus spurred the late nineteenth-century change in disciplinary hierarchies and helped to pave the way for the current hegemonic position of the life sciences.
19 世纪的普鲁士深受希腊主义的影响，这种影响体现在其公共机构的意识形态框架中。在柏林的弗里德里希·威廉大学，希腊主义为人文科学相对于新兴的实验生命科学的持续提升提供了理论基础。尽管存在这种明显的等级制度，但生理学教授埃米尔·杜博伊斯-雷蒙德最终还是设法大大提高了他所在学科的声望。我们认为，杜博伊斯-雷蒙德在为受过教育的德国公众撰写的生理学著作中使用了希腊主义的论述，这有助于生理学作为一门著名的科学学科的兴起。杜博伊斯-雷蒙德的修辞策略有助于将实验生理学与临床医学分离，使实验实践合法化，并将新兴学科与更受尊敬的人文科学和理论科学联系起来。他对希腊主义修辞的挪用因此推动了 19 世纪后期学科等级制度的变化，并为生命科学目前的霸权地位铺平了道路。
