Janković B D
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1987;496:3-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb35742.x.
The material presented here summarizes the bulk of the presently available immunologic data bearing upon the in vivo relationship between brown adipose tissue and the immune system. The experiments were carried out in rats adipectomized (by surgical excision of the interscapular brown adipose tissue at birth), thymectomized (by neonatal removal of the thymus), adipectomized and thymectomized, and corresponding sham-operated controls. The following immune phenomena were studied: antibody production to soluble and corpuscular antigens; Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to bovine serum albumin; rejection of allogeneic skin and thyroid grafts; lymph node enlargement in a host-versus-graft reaction; experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and thyroiditis; immune response in normal animals treated with extracts from brown adipose tissue; allergic encephalomyelitis in thymoadipectomized animals; plaque-forming cell response and hemagglutinating antibody titers in animals injected with met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin; and survival rate of adipectomized mice inoculated with Sarcoma-I cells. The results indicated that the cell-mediated immune reactions were potentiated in adipectomized rats. Antibody production was not significantly changed by neonatal adipectomy. Adipectomized mice, inoculated with Sa-I tumor cells, survived longer than controls, thus indicating that adipectomy made possible the recognition of discrete histocompatible differences between Sa-I cells and A/JAX mice. Adipectomy increased the ability of rats to develop autoimmune diseases. Saline extracts from brown adipose tissue of newborn rats suppressed hypersensitivity skin reactions in normal adult rats. Thymoadipectomized rats showed an almost normal ability to develop allergic encephalomyelitis, a finding that suggested that the potentiating influence of adipectomy on encephalomyelitis was neutralized by thymectomy. It appears that brown adipose tissue functions as a natural antagonist of the thymus. Enkephalins were found to be more effective immunosuppressors in adipectomized than in normal animals. The last finding establishes a functional link between brown adipose tissue and neuropeptides. It seems that the potentiation of immune response in adipectomized animals is effected by altered release of yet unidentified mediators and modulators. The evidence indicates that brown adipose tissue, in which neurohumoral activity occurs, may be an important component of an integrated immunoneuroendocrine system.
本文所呈现的资料总结了目前大量有关棕色脂肪组织与免疫系统体内关系的免疫学数据。实验是在出生时通过手术切除肩胛间棕色脂肪组织进行去脂的大鼠、新生期切除胸腺进行胸腺切除的大鼠、去脂且胸腺切除的大鼠以及相应的假手术对照组中开展的。研究了以下免疫现象：对可溶性和颗粒性抗原的抗体产生；对牛血清白蛋白的阿瑟斯反应和迟发型超敏皮肤反应；同种异体皮肤和甲状腺移植的排斥反应；宿主抗移植物反应中的淋巴结肿大；实验性变应性脑脊髓炎和甲状腺炎；用棕色脂肪组织提取物处理的正常动物的免疫反应；去胸腺去脂动物的变应性脑脊髓炎；注射甲硫氨酸脑啡肽和亮氨酸脑啡肽的动物中的空斑形成细胞反应和血凝抗体滴度；以及接种肉瘤-I细胞的去脂小鼠的存活率。结果表明，去脂大鼠的细胞介导免疫反应增强。新生期去脂对抗体产生没有显著影响。接种了Sa-I肿瘤细胞的去脂小鼠比对照组存活时间更长，这表明去脂使得能够识别Sa-I细胞与A/JAX小鼠之间离散的组织相容性差异。去脂增加了大鼠发生自身免疫性疾病的能力。新生大鼠棕色脂肪组织的盐水提取物抑制正常成年大鼠的超敏皮肤反应。去胸腺去脂大鼠表现出几乎正常的发生变应性脑脊髓炎的能力，这一发现表明胸腺切除抵消了去脂对脑脊髓炎的增强作用。似乎棕色脂肪组织起到了胸腺天然拮抗剂的作用。发现脑啡肽在去脂动物中比在正常动物中是更有效的免疫抑制剂。最后这一发现建立了棕色脂肪组织与神经肽之间的功能联系。似乎去脂动物中免疫反应的增强是由尚未确定的介质和调节剂释放改变所导致的。证据表明，发生神经体液活动的棕色脂肪组织可能是综合免疫神经内分泌系统的一个重要组成部分。
