Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2021 Jan 4;72:609-633. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-051019. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
How do we go about learning new information? This article reviews the importance of practicing retrieval of newly experienced information if one wants to be able to retrieve it again in the future. Specifically, practicing retrieval shortly after learning can slow the forgetting process. This benefit can be seen across various material types, and it seems prevalent in all ages and learner abilities and on all types of test. It can also be used to enhance student learning in a classroom setting. I review theoretical understanding of this phenomenon (sometimes referred to as the testing effect or as retrieval-based learning) and consider directions for future research.
我们应该如何学习新信息？本文回顾了如果想要将来能够再次检索到新体验的信息，那么练习检索该信息的重要性。具体来说，在学习后不久进行检索练习可以减缓遗忘过程。这种益处可以在各种材料类型中看到，并且似乎在所有年龄段、学习者能力和各种类型的测试中都很普遍。它也可以用于增强课堂环境中的学生学习。我回顾了对这种现象（有时称为测试效应或基于检索的学习）的理论理解，并考虑了未来研究的方向。
