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在亚马逊农村定居点不同类型的幼虫陷阱中收集的蚊子(双翅目:蚊科)的多样性。

Diversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in different types of larvitraps in an Amazon rural settlement.

机构信息

Laboratório de Ecologia e Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2020 Oct 2;15(10):e0235726. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235726. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Anthropogenic environments provide favorable conditions for some species, which is especially true of mosquitoes that present eclecticism at the moment of choice for the site of oviposition. In the present study, the diversity of mosquitoes was assessed by providing plastic containers, bamboo internodes, and tires in a forest, the forest edge, and peridomicile environments in a rural settlement area. Eighteen sampling points were chosen, delimited by a buffer of 200 m, placed in three environments: forest, forest edge, and peridomicile. In each environment, larvitraps were installed, separated by a minimum distance of 7 m and 1 m from the ground. A total of 10,131 immature mosquitoes of 20 species were collected. The most abundant species was Culex urichii (29.5%), followed by Trichoprosopon digitatum (27.1%), and Cx. (Melanoconion) spp. (10.4%). There was a difference in the composition of immature mosquito populations between larvitraps (p < 0.0005), and the plastic container hosted a greater diversity of species, whereas tires presented a greater abundance of individuals. The forest, forest edge, and peridomicile environments were also different with regard to diversity of immature mosquito populations (p < 0.0010). The forest edge was the environment with the greatest diversity of species, followed by the peridomicile and forest environments. In the forest and peridomicile, plastic container larvitraps had the greatest diversity, whereas the forest edge tire presented the largest number of individuals. Further, tire larvitraps collected the largest number of individuals in all environments. Ten species associated with the bamboo internode and tire were identified. The preference of species for artificial larvitraps, such as the plastic container and tire, even in wild environments was noted. These artificial objects may represent a risk factor for the population living in this region, as all vector species found in the study were present in plastic containers and tires.

摘要

人为环境为一些物种提供了有利条件,这对选择产卵地点时具有生态多样性的蚊子来说尤其如此。在本研究中,通过在森林、森林边缘和农村定居点的周围环境中提供塑料容器、竹节和轮胎,评估了蚊子的多样性。选择了 18 个采样点,每个点用 200 米缓冲区界定,分别置于森林、森林边缘和周围环境中。在每个环境中,均安装了幼虫陷阱,与地面的最小距离为 7 米和 1 米。共收集到 20 种 10131 只未成熟的蚊子。最丰富的物种是库蚊属乌伊里希(29.5%),其次是三带喙库蚊(27.1%)和 Cx.(Melanoconion) spp.(10.4%)。幼虫陷阱中未成熟蚊子种群的组成存在差异(p < 0.0005),塑料容器中物种多样性更高,而轮胎中个体数量更多。森林、森林边缘和周围环境的未成熟蚊子种群多样性也存在差异(p < 0.0010)。森林边缘的物种多样性最高,其次是周围环境和森林。在森林和周围环境中,塑料容器幼虫陷阱的多样性最高,而森林边缘的轮胎收集的个体数量最多。此外,在所有环境中,轮胎幼虫陷阱收集的个体数量最多。共鉴定出 10 种与竹节和轮胎有关的物种。注意到一些物种对塑料容器和轮胎等人工幼虫陷阱的偏好,即使在野外环境中也是如此。这些人工物体可能成为该地区居民的一个危险因素,因为研究中发现的所有病媒物种都存在于塑料容器和轮胎中。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8583/7531793/d5f7bba1cbfb/pone.0235726.g001.jpg

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