Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Baxter Foundation Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cell Stem Cell. 2020 Oct 1;27(4):532-556. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.011.
Stem cells (SCs) maintain tissue homeostasis and repair wounds. Despite marked variation in tissue architecture and regenerative demands, SCs often follow similar paradigms in communicating with their microenvironmental "niche" to transition between quiescent and regenerative states. Here we use skin epithelium and skeletal muscle-among the most highly-stressed tissues in our body-to highlight similarities and differences in niche constituents and how SCs mediate natural tissue rejuvenation and perform regenerative acts prompted by injuries. We discuss how these communication networks break down during aging and how understanding tissue SCs has led to major advances in regenerative medicine.
干细胞 (SCs) 维持组织内稳态并修复损伤。尽管组织结构和再生需求存在显著差异，但干细胞在与微环境“生态位”进行交流以在静止和再生状态之间转换时，通常遵循相似的模式。在这里，我们使用皮肤上皮和骨骼肌——它们是我们体内受压力最大的组织之一——来突出生态位成分的相似之处和不同之处，以及干细胞如何介导自然组织的年轻化和对损伤做出的再生反应。我们还讨论了这些通讯网络在衰老过程中是如何崩溃的，以及对组织干细胞的理解如何推动再生医学的重大进展。
