A SET domain-containing protein involved in cell wall integrity signaling and peroxisome biogenesis is essential for appressorium formation and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

The chromatin modulator Set5 plays important regulatory roles in both cell growth and stress responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, its function in filamentous fungi remains poorly understood. Here, we report the pathogenicity-related gene CgSET5 discovered in a T-DNA insertional mutant M285 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that CgSET5 encodes a SET domain-containing protein that is a homolog of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae Set5. CgSET5 is important for hyphae growth and conidiation and is necessary for appressorium formation and pathogenicity. CgSet5 regulates appressorium formation in a mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent manner. Inactivation of CgSET5 resulted in a significant reduction in chitin content within the cell wall, indicating CgSet5 plays a vital role in cell wall integrity. CgSet5 is involved in peroxisome biogenesis. We identified CgSet5 as the histone H4 methyltransferase, which methylates the critical H4 lysine residues 5 and 8 in C. gloeosporioides. We carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen to find CgSet5 interacting partners. We found CgSet5 putatively interacts with an inorganic pyrophosphatase named CgPpa1, which co-localized in the cytoplasm with CgSet5. Finally, CgPpa1 was found to strongly interact with CgSet5 in vivo during appressorium formation by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. These data corroborate a complex control function of CgSet5 acting as a core pathogenic regulator, which connects cell wall integrity and peroxisome biogenesis in C. gloeosporioides.