Department of Urology and the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Urol Clin North Am. 2020 Nov;47(4):487-510. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.07.010. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. Prostate cancer has an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a low tumor mutation burden, resulting in low neoantigen expression. The consensus was that immunotherapy would be less effective in prostate cancer. However, recent studies have reported that prostate cancer does have a high number of DNA damage and repair gene defects. Immunotherapies that have been tested in prostate cancer so far have been mainly vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors. A combination of genomically targeted therapies, with approaches to alleviate immune response and thereby make the tumor microenvironment immunologically hot, is promising.
免疫疗法的出现彻底改变了癌症治疗。前列腺癌具有免疫抑制性的微环境和低肿瘤突变负担，导致低新生抗原表达。共识认为免疫疗法在前列腺癌中的效果较差。然而，最近的研究表明前列腺癌确实存在大量的 DNA 损伤和修复基因缺陷。迄今为止，在前列腺癌中测试的免疫疗法主要是疫苗和检查点抑制剂。将基因组靶向疗法与减轻免疫反应的方法相结合，从而使肿瘤微环境具有免疫原性，这是有希望的。
