Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, 9400 Campus Point Drive, MC7987, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2020 Nov;47(4):443-456. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.07.008. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
Cancer vaccines, cytokines, and checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapeutic agents that act within the cancer immunity cycle. Prostate cancer has provided unique opportunities for, and challenges to, immunotherapy drug development, including low tumor mutational burdens, limited expression of PD-L1, and minimal T-cell intratumoral infiltrates. Nevertheless, efforts are ongoing to help prime prostate tumors by turning a "cold" prostate cancer "hot" and thus rendering them more susceptible to immunotherapy. Combination treatments, use of molecular biomarkers, and use of new immunotherapeutic agents provide opportunities to enhance the immune response to prostate tumors.
癌症疫苗、细胞因子和检查点抑制剂是在癌症免疫循环内起作用的免疫治疗药物。前列腺癌为免疫治疗药物的开发提供了独特的机会和挑战，包括肿瘤突变负担低、PD-L1 表达有限以及肿瘤内 T 细胞浸润很少。尽管如此，人们仍在努力通过将“冷”的前列腺癌“变热”来帮助启动前列腺肿瘤，并使它们更容易受到免疫治疗的影响。联合治疗、使用分子生物标志物和新型免疫治疗药物为增强对前列腺肿瘤的免疫反应提供了机会。
