Women's Health Concerns Clinic Research Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;175:369-386. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00025-4.
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs), sometimes referred to as obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, cause significant impairment and share similar features across several domains, including clinical course, risk factors, and response to treatment. Generally, individuals meeting criteria for one or more OCRDs present with symptoms focused on preoccupations and repetitive behaviors. Sex differences emerge in the clinical presentation of OCRDs, and the associated. Literature emphasizes the importance of considering sex when investigating causal factors, prognosis, and outcomes of OCRDs. Understanding sex-specific phenotypes can help clinicians and healthcare providers to screen for and recognize relevant symptoms, and to create a more tailored approach for care of males and females. In this chapter, we review sex differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder, trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder), and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. Here, we provide an updated review on the sex differences in the prevalence, symptomatology, illness course and prognosis, comorbidity, risk factors, and treatment outcomes associated with OCRDs, and highlight gaps in the current literature on sex differences in these disorders.
强迫及相关障碍（OCRD），有时也被称为强迫谱系障碍，在多个领域都会导致明显的损伤，并具有相似的特征，包括临床病程、风险因素和治疗反应。一般来说，符合一种或多种 OCRD 标准的个体表现出专注于困扰和重复行为的症状。OCRD 的临床表现存在性别差异，相关文献强调了在研究 OCRD 的因果因素、预后和结果时考虑性别的重要性。了解性别特异性表型可以帮助临床医生和医疗保健提供者筛查相关症状，并为男性和女性提供更具针对性的护理方法。在本章中，我们回顾了强迫症（OCD）、体变形障碍（BDD）、囤积症、拔毛癖（拔毛障碍）和皮肤搔抓障碍（皮肤搔抓障碍）中的性别差异。在这里，我们提供了关于 OCRD 相关的患病率、症状学、病程和预后、共病、风险因素和治疗结果的性别差异的最新综述，并强调了当前关于这些障碍的性别差异文献中的差距。
