From the Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health (Pieh, Budimir, Probst), Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria; Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology (Delgadillo, Barkham), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; and Department of Work, Organization and Society (Budimir, Fontaine), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Psychosom Med. 2021 May 1;83(4):328-337. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000871.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and related lockdown measures have raised important questions about the impact on mental health. This study evaluated several mental health and well-being indicators in a large sample from the United Kingdom (UK) during the COVID-19 lockdown where the death rate is currently among the highest in Europe.
A cross-sectional online survey with a study sample that mirrors general population norms according to sex, age, education, and region was launched 4 weeks after lockdown measures were implemented in the UK. Measures included mental health-related quality of life (World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief Version psychological domain), well-being (World Health Organization Well-Being Index), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10), and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index). Analyses of variances, Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests, and t tests were applied to examine mental health indicators across different sociodemographic groups (age, sex, employment, income, physical activity, relationship status).
The sample comprised n = 1006 respondents (54% women) from all regions of the UK. Approximately 52% of respondents screened positive for a common mental disorder, and 28% screened positive for clinical insomnia. Mean scores and standard deviations were as follows: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, mean = 9.0 ± 7.7; Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, mean = 8.0 ± 6.5; Insomnia Severity Index, mean = 10.4 ± 7.0; Perceived Stress Scale-10, mean = 17.7 ± 7.9; World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief Version, mean = 58.6 ± 21.4; and World Health Organization Well-Being Index score, mean = 13.0 ± 6.0. Statistical analyses consistently indicated more severe mental health problems in adults younger than 35 years, women, people with no work, and people with low income (all p values < .05). Mental health indices also varied across UK regions.
The prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms is significantly higher in the UK relative to prepandemic epidemiological data. Further studies are needed to clarify the causes for these high rates of mental health symptoms.
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行及相关封锁措施引发了人们对其对心理健康影响的关注。本研究在英国（UK）的一项大样本中评估了多项心理健康和福祉指标，该样本来自 COVID-19 封锁期间，目前其死亡率在欧洲处于较高水平。
在英国实施封锁措施 4 周后，我们开展了一项横断面在线调查，研究样本根据性别、年龄、教育程度和地区与总体人口特征相符。研究的评估指标包括与心理健康相关的生活质量（世界卫生组织生活质量简要版心理领域）、幸福感（世界卫生组织幸福感指数）、抑郁（患者健康问卷-9）、焦虑（广泛性焦虑障碍-7）、感知压力（感知压力量表-10）和失眠（失眠严重程度指数）。我们采用方差分析、Bonferroni 校正后检验和 t 检验来比较不同社会人口学群体（年龄、性别、就业状况、收入、体力活动和婚姻状况）的心理健康指标。
该研究的样本包含来自英国所有地区的 1006 名受访者（54%为女性）。大约 52%的受访者有常见精神障碍，28%的受访者有临床失眠。各指标的平均得分和标准差如下：患者健康问卷-9 的平均得分为 9.0 ± 7.7；广泛性焦虑障碍-7 的平均得分为 8.0 ± 6.5；失眠严重程度指数的平均得分为 10.4 ± 7.0；感知压力量表-10 的平均得分为 17.7 ± 7.9；世界卫生组织生活质量简要版的平均得分为 58.6 ± 21.4；世界卫生组织幸福感指数得分为 13.0 ± 6.0。统计分析表明，35 岁以下的成年人、女性、无工作者和低收入者的心理健康问题更为严重（均 p 值<.05）。心理健康指数在英国不同地区也存在差异。
与大流行前的流行病学数据相比，英国的抑郁、焦虑和失眠症状的患病率显著更高。需要进一步的研究来阐明这些高心理健康症状发生率的原因。
