Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, USA.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2020 Nov;175:107319. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107319. Epub 2020 Sep 30.
Studies of Pavlovian conditioning have enriched our understanding of how relations among events can adaptively guide behavior through the formation and use of internal mental representations. In this review, we illustrate how internal representations flexibly integrate new updated information in reinforcer revaluation to influence relationships to impact actions and outcomes. We highlight representation-mediated learning to show the similarities in properties and functions between internally generated and directly activated representations, and how normal perception of internal representations could contribute to hallucinations. Converging evidence emerges from recent behavioral and neural activation studies using animal models of schizophrenia as well as clinical studies in patients to support increased tendencies in these populations to evoke internal representations from prior associative experience that approximate hallucination-like percepts. The heightened propensity is dependent on dopaminergic activation which is known to be sensitive to hippocampal overexcitability, a condition that has been observed in patients with psychosis. This presents a network that overlaps with cognitive neural circuits and offers a fresh approach for the development of therapeutic interventions targeting psychosis.
巴甫洛夫条件反射研究丰富了我们对于事件之间的关系如何通过内部心理表征的形成和使用来适应性地指导行为的理解。在这篇综述中，我们说明了内部表征如何灵活地整合强化物再评估中的新更新信息，以影响关系，从而影响行动和结果。我们强调了中介表征学习，以展示内部生成的和直接激活的表征之间在属性和功能上的相似性，以及正常感知内部表征如何有助于幻觉。来自最近使用精神分裂症动物模型的行为和神经激活研究以及患者的临床研究的一致证据支持这些人群中出现的增加趋势，即从先前的联想经验中唤起内部表征，这些内部表征类似于幻觉样知觉。这种增强的倾向依赖于多巴胺能激活，而多巴胺能激活对海马过度兴奋敏感，这种情况在精神病患者中观察到。这提出了一个与认知神经回路重叠的网络，为开发针对精神病的治疗干预措施提供了一种新方法。
