Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Monsenso Aps, Langelinie Alle 47, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Monsenso Aps, Langelinie Alle 47, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Affect Disord. 2021 Jan 1;278:413-422. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.087. Epub 2020 Sep 25.
Alterations in energy and activity in bipolar disorder (BD) differ between affective states and compared with healthy control individuals (HC). Measurements of activity could discriminate between BD and HC and in the monitoring of affective states within BD. The aims were to investigate differences in 1) passively collected smartphone-based location data (location data) between BD and HC, and 2) location data in BD between affective states.
Daily, patients with BD and HC completed smartphone-based self-assessments of mood for up to nine months. Location data reflecting mobility patterns, routine and location entropy was collected daily. A total of 46 patients with BD and 31 HC providing daily data was included.
A total of 4,859 observations of smartphone-based self-assessments of mood and mobility patterns were available from patients with BD and 1,747 observations from HC. Patients with BD had lower location entropy compared with HC (B= -0.14, 95% CI= -0.24; -0.034, p=0.009). Patients with BD during a depressive state were less mobile compared with a euthymic state. Patients with BD during an affective state had lower location entropy compared with a euthymic state (p<0.0001). The AUC of combined location data was rather high in classifying patients with BD compared with HC (AUC: 0.83).
Individuals willing to use smartphones for daily self-monitoring may represent a more motivated group.
Alterations in location data reflecting mobility patterns may be a promising measure of illness and illness activity in patients with BD and may be used to monitor the effects of treatments.
双相情感障碍（BD）患者的能量和活动在情感状态之间以及与健康对照个体（HC）相比存在差异。活动测量可区分 BD 和 HC，并在 BD 内监测情感状态。目的是调查 1）BD 和 HC 之间基于智能手机的被动收集位置数据（位置数据）的差异，以及 2）BD 中不同情感状态之间的位置数据差异。
每天，BD 患者和 HC 都要使用智能手机完成最多九个月的自我情绪评估。每天都会收集反映移动模式、日常活动和位置熵的位置数据。共有 46 名 BD 患者和 31 名 HC 提供了每日数据。
从 BD 患者和 HC 获得了总共 4859 次基于智能手机的情绪和移动模式自我评估观察。BD 患者的位置熵低于 HC（B=-0.14，95%CI=-0.24；-0.034，p=0.009）。处于抑郁状态的 BD 患者的活动度低于处于心境正常状态的患者。处于情感状态的 BD 患者的位置熵低于心境正常状态（p<0.0001）。与 HC 相比，联合位置数据的 AUC 在区分 BD 患者方面相当高（AUC：0.83）。
愿意使用智能手机进行日常自我监测的个体可能代表更有动力的群体。
反映移动模式的位置数据的变化可能是 BD 患者疾病和疾病活动的一个很有前途的衡量标准，并可用于监测治疗效果。
