Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2020 Dec 15;170:112645. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112645. Epub 2020 Sep 25.
Implantable neural electrodes can record and regulate neural activities with high spatial resolution of single-neuron and high time resolution of sub-millisecond, which are the most extensive window in neuroscience research. However, the mechanical mismatch between conventional stiff electrodes and soft neural tissue can lead to inflammatory responses and degradation of signals in chronic recordings. Although remarkable breakthroughs have been made in sensing and regulation of neural signals, the long-term stability and chronic inflammatory response of the neural electrode-tissue interfaces still needs further development. In this review, we focus on the latest developments for the optimization of neural electrode-tissue interfaces, including electrode materials (graphene fiber-based and CNT fiber-based), electrode structures (flexible electrodes), nano-coatings and hydrogel-based neural interfaces. The parameters of impedance, charge injection limit, signal-to-noise ratio and neuron lost zone are used to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the devices, the recording performance of biosignals and the stability of the neural interfaces, respectively. These optimization methods can effectively improve the long-term stability and the chronic inflammatory response of neural interfaces during the recording and modulation of biosignals.
可植入神经电极具有单神经元高空间分辨率和亚毫秒高时间分辨率记录和调节神经活动的能力，是神经科学研究中最广泛的窗口。然而，传统刚性电极与柔软的神经组织之间的机械失配会导致慢性记录中的炎症反应和信号降解。尽管在神经信号的传感和调节方面已经取得了显著的突破，但神经电极-组织界面的长期稳定性和慢性炎症反应仍需要进一步发展。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了优化神经电极-组织界面的最新进展，包括电极材料（基于石墨烯纤维和 CNT 纤维的）、电极结构（柔性电极）、纳米涂层和基于水凝胶的神经界面。阻抗、电荷注入限制、信噪比和神经元失活区等参数用于评估器件的电化学性能、生物信号的记录性能和神经界面的稳定性，这些优化方法可以有效地提高生物信号记录和调节过程中神经界面的长期稳定性和慢性炎症反应。
