Ahmed Abdullah A A, Alegret Nuria, Almeida Bethany, Alvarez-Puebla Ramón, Andrews Anne M, Ballerini Laura, Barrios-Capuchino Juan J, Becker Charline, Blick Robert H, Bonakdar Shahin, Chakraborty Indranath, Chen Xiaodong, Cheon Jinwoo, Chilla Gerwin, Coelho Conceicao Andre Luiz, Delehanty James, Dulle Martin, Efros Alexander L, Epple Matthias, Fedyk Mark, Feliu Neus, Feng Miao, Fernández-Chacón Rafael, Fernandez-Cuesta Irene, Fertig Niels, Förster Stephan, Garrido Jose A, George Michael, Guse Andreas H, Hampp Norbert, Harberts Jann, Han Jili, Heekeren Hauke R, Hofmann Ulrich G, Holzapfel Malte, Hosseinkazemi Hessam, Huang Yalan, Huber Patrick, Hyeon Taeghwan, Ingebrandt Sven, Ienca Marcello, Iske Armin, Kang Yanan, Kasieczka Gregor, Kim Dae-Hyeong, Kostarelos Kostas, Lee Jae-Hyun, Lin Kai-Wei, Liu Sijin, Liu Xin, Liu Yang, Lohr Christian, Mailänder Volker, Maffongelli Laura, Megahed Saad, Mews Alf, Mutas Marina, Nack Leroy, Nakatsuka Nako, Oertner Thomas G, Offenhäusser Andreas, Oheim Martin, Otange Ben, Otto Ferdinand, Patrono Enrico, Peng Bo, Picchiotti Alessandra, Pierini Filippo, Pötter-Nerger Monika, Pozzi Maria, Pralle Arnd, Prato Maurizio, Qi Bing, Ramos-Cabrer Pedro, Genger Ute Resch, Ritter Norbert, Rittner Marten, Roy Sathi, Santoro Francesca, Schuck Nicolas W, Schulz Florian, Şeker Erkin, Skiba Marvin, Sosniok Martin, Stephan Holger, Wang Ruixia, Wang Ting, Wegner K David, Weiss Paul S, Xu Ming, Yang Chenxi, Zargarian Seyed Shahrooz, Zeng Yuan, Zhou Yaofeng, Zhu Dingcheng, Zierold Robert, Parak Wolfgang J
Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Thamar University, Dhamar 87246, Yemen.
ACS Nano. 2025 Mar 25;19(11):10630-10717. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c10525. Epub 2025 Mar 10.
Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is the central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain-machine interfaces have changed over time, along with the available technology. Mechanical levers and cable winches were used to move parts of the brain during the mechanical age. Sophisticated electronic wiring and remote control have arisen during the electronic age, ultimately leading to plug-and-play computer interfaces. Nonetheless, our brains are so complex that these visions, until recently, largely remained unreachable dreams. The general problem, thus far, is that most of our technology is mechanically and/or electrically engineered, whereas the brain is a living, dynamic entity. As a result, these worlds are difficult to interface with one another. Nanotechnology, which encompasses engineered solid-state objects and integrated circuits, excels at small length scales of single to a few hundred nanometers and, thus, matches the sizes of biomolecules, biomolecular assemblies, and parts of cells. Consequently, we envision nanomaterials and nanotools as opportunities to interface with the brain in alternative ways. Here, we review the existing literature on the use of nanotechnology in brain-machine interfaces and look forward in discussing perspectives and limitations based on the authors' expertise across a range of complementary disciplines─from neuroscience, engineering, physics, and chemistry to biology and medicine, computer science and mathematics, and social science and jurisprudence. We focus on nanotechnology but also include information from related fields when useful and complementary.
将人工设备与人类大脑相连接是神经技术的核心目标。然而，我们的想象力常常受到当前可用范式和技术的限制。随着可用技术的发展，脑机接口的设想也在不断变化。在机械时代，人们使用机械杠杆和缆绳绞车来移动大脑的某些部位。电子时代出现了复杂的电子线路和远程控制，最终发展出即插即用的计算机接口。尽管如此，我们的大脑极其复杂，直到最近，这些设想在很大程度上仍只是遥不可及的梦想。到目前为止，普遍存在的问题是，我们的大多数技术都是机械和/或电气设计的，而大脑是一个有生命的动态实体。因此，这两个世界很难相互连接。纳米技术涵盖工程固态物体和集成电路，在单纳米到几百纳米的小长度尺度上表现出色，因此与生物分子、生物分子组装体和细胞部分的尺寸相匹配。因此，我们设想纳米材料和纳米工具是用其他方式与大脑连接的契机。在此，我们回顾了关于纳米技术在脑机接口中应用的现有文献，并基于作者在一系列互补学科（从神经科学、工程学、物理学和化学到生物学和医学、计算机科学和数学，以及社会科学和法理学）的专业知识，展望并讨论了相关观点和局限性。我们专注于纳米技术，但在有用且互补时也会纳入相关领域的信息。
