Lost lovers linked at long last: elusive female mystery solved after a century of being placed in a different genus (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae).

After successful laboratory rearing of both males and females from a single clutch of eggs, the genus Redtenbacher, 1906 (described only from males) and the species group within Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) Griffini, 1898 (described only from females) are found to be the opposite sexes of the same genus. This rearing observation finally elucidates the relationship of these two small body sized leaf insect groups which, for more than a century, have never been linked before. This paper synonymizes the species group with Redtenbacher, 1906 in order to create a singular and clearly defined taxonomic group. Five species are transferred from the Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) frondosum species group and create the following new combinations: (Größer, 2002), ; (Größer, 1992), ; (Redtenbacher, 1906), ; (Karny, 1914), ; (Größer, 2008), The only taxon from this species group not transferred from the species group to is Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) groesseri Zompro, 1998. Based on protibial exterior lobes, this species belongs in the species group as described in Hennemann et al. 2009 and is therefore excluded from further discussion here. The rearing of also yielded the male (Größer, 2002), thus, enabling comparison of this male to the other previously known species. Two new species of nano-leaf insects are described within, , from Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea, and , from Biak Island, Papua Province, Indonesia. With such distinct sexual dimorphism in between sexes, which have only now been matched up via captive rearing, illustrated within are numerous specimens which might represent the unknown opposite sexes of the many currently known species of . Due to pronounced sexual dimorphism in , only future captive rearing or molecular analysis will match up the many unknown sexes. To conclude, with the description of two new species, dichotomous keys to species for known males and females are presented.