Yang Cindy F, Kim Euiseok J, Callaway Edward M, Feldman Jack L
Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Front Neuroanat. 2020 Sep 4;14:58. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00058. eCollection 2020.
The key driver of breathing rhythm is the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) whose activity is modulated by various functional inputs, e.g., volitional, physiological, and emotional. While the preBötC is highly interconnected with other regions of the breathing central pattern generator (bCPG) in the brainstem, there is no data about the direct projections to either excitatory and inhibitory preBötC subpopulations from other elements of the bCPG or from suprapontine regions. Using modified rabies tracing, we identified neurons throughout the brain that send monosynaptic projections to identified excitatory and inhibitory preBötC neurons in mice. Within the brainstem, neurons from sites in the bCPG, including the contralateral preBötC, Bötzinger Complex, the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), parafacial region (pF /pF ), and parabrachial nuclei (PB), send direct projections to both excitatory and inhibitory preBötC neurons. Suprapontine inputs to the excitatory and inhibitory preBötC neurons include the superior colliculus, red nucleus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and cortex; these projections represent potential direct pathways for volitional, emotional, and physiological control of breathing.
呼吸节律的关键驱动因素是前包钦格复合体（preBötC），其活动受到多种功能输入的调节，例如意志、生理和情绪方面的输入。虽然前包钦格复合体与脑干中呼吸中枢模式发生器（bCPG）的其他区域高度互连，但尚无关于呼吸中枢模式发生器的其他元件或脑桥上区域向前包钦格复合体的兴奋性和抑制性亚群直接投射的数据。我们使用改良的狂犬病追踪技术，在小鼠大脑中识别出了向已确定的兴奋性和抑制性前包钦格复合体神经元发出单突触投射的神经元。在脑干内，来自呼吸中枢模式发生器各部位的神经元，包括对侧前包钦格复合体、包钦格复合体、孤束核（NTS）、面神经旁区域（pF/pF）和臂旁核（PB），向前包钦格复合体的兴奋性和抑制性神经元发出直接投射。脑桥上对兴奋性和抑制性前包钦格复合体神经元的输入包括上丘、红核、杏仁核、下丘脑和皮层；这些投射代表了对呼吸进行意志、情绪和生理控制的潜在直接途径。
