Lin Li, Chan Hoi-Wing
Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Department of Marketing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 3;11:2198. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02198. eCollection 2020.
Happiness can be pursued based on hedonic motives (i.e., seeking pleasure and comfort) and/or eudaimonic motives (i.e., seeking to develop and make the best use of the self). Substantial studies have found that hedonic and eudaimonic motives relate to well-being outcomes in different ways. However, these findings were predominantly based on Western samples, while study about the relationship between happiness motives and well-being outcomes in Eastern cultures is scanty. Furthermore, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these associations. To address these gaps, we conducted two studies based on Chinese college students. In study 1 ( = 301), structural equation modeling demonstrated that eudaimonic motives were positively associated with life satisfaction and meaning in life, but hedonic motives were not significantly associated with either indicator of well-being. In study 2 ( = 526), structural equation modeling showed that (1) hedonic motives had an indirect effect on life satisfaction through need frustration and (2) eudaimonic motives had indirect effects on life satisfaction and meaning in life through need satisfaction and need frustration. These findings highlight the important roles that the satisfaction and the frustration of basic psychological needs play in translating happiness motives into well-being outcomes.
幸福可以基于享乐动机（即追求愉悦和舒适）和/或幸福主义动机（即寻求自我发展和充分发挥自身潜力）来追求。大量研究发现，享乐动机和幸福主义动机与幸福结果的关联方式各不相同。然而，这些发现主要基于西方样本，而关于东方文化中幸福动机与幸福结果之间关系的研究却很少。此外，对于这些关联背后的机制知之甚少。为了填补这些空白，我们以中国大学生为对象进行了两项研究。在研究1（N = 301）中，结构方程模型表明，幸福主义动机与生活满意度和生活意义呈正相关，但享乐动机与幸福的任何一项指标均无显著关联。在研究2（N = 526）中，结构方程模型显示：（1）享乐动机通过需求挫折对生活满意度产生间接影响；（2）幸福主义动机通过需求满足和需求挫折对生活满意度和生活意义产生间接影响。这些发现凸显了基本心理需求的满足和挫折在将幸福动机转化为幸福结果过程中所起的重要作用。
