中国城市空巢老人与子女相关因素、基本心理需求满足和多重幸福感的关系：结构方程模型。
Relationships between children-related factors, basic psychological need satisfaction, and multiple happiness among urban empty-nesters in China: a structural equation modeling.
机构信息
Nursing Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Dec 1;22(1):925. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03640-0.
BACKGROUND
Aging and empty-nesting in China are becoming more and more serious. Empty-nesters refer to older adults who were not living with their children, were living alone, or were living independently with their spouses. The mental health of empty-nesters needs timely attention. Satisfying the needs of older adults is primarily dependent on their children. Therefore, this study aimed to explore relationships between children-related factors, basic psychological need satisfaction, and multiple happiness among urban empty-nesters in China.
METHODS
This study employs the Children-related Factors Questionnaire (CFQ), the Chinese Version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction (BPNS) Scale, and the Multiple Happiness Questionnaire (MHQ) to explore children-related factors, basic psychological need satisfaction and multiple happiness of urban empty-nesters in Fuzhou, China. A total of 507 samples were recruited by cluster sampling.
RESULTS
Factors that affect BPNS include physical condition, the number of children, satisfaction with children's marriage, employment and income, retirement, gender, monthly personal income, and self-care have statistical differences (P < 0.05). Factors that affect MHQ include physical condition, the number of children, satisfaction with children's marriage, employment and income, gender, monthly personal income, living status, and self-care have statistical significances (P < 0.05). Structural equation model results showed that BPNS directly impacted MHQ, and factors about children indirectly affect MHQ through BPNS. The mediating role of BPNS in the relationship between children-related factors and MHQ.
CONCLUSION
We should encourage our children to spend more time with the empty-nesters and communicate with them, which could help them relieve their negative emotions, satisfy their psychological needs, and improve their well-being.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Reg date: 20/08/2021; No. ChiCTR2100050175.
背景
中国的老龄化和空巢化问题越来越严重。空巢老人是指没有与子女同住、独自居住或与配偶独立居住的老年人。空巢老人的心理健康需要及时关注。满足老年人的需求主要依赖于他们的子女。因此，本研究旨在探讨中国城市空巢老人与子女相关因素、基本心理需求满足与多重幸福感之间的关系。
方法
本研究采用子女相关因素问卷（CFQ）、中文版基本心理需求满足量表（BPNS）和多重幸福感问卷（MHQ），通过整群抽样的方式对中国福州的城市空巢老人进行调查，共回收有效样本 507 份。
结果
影响 BPNS 的因素包括身体状况、子女数量、对子女婚姻的满意度、就业和收入、退休、性别、月个人收入和自我照顾等，具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。影响 MHQ 的因素包括身体状况、子女数量、对子女婚姻的满意度、就业和收入、性别、月个人收入、生活状况和自我照顾等，具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结构方程模型结果显示，BPNS 直接影响 MHQ，子女相关因素通过 BPNS 间接影响 MHQ。BPNS 在子女相关因素与 MHQ 之间的关系中起中介作用。
结论
我们应该鼓励子女多花时间陪伴空巢老人，与他们沟通，帮助他们缓解负面情绪，满足他们的心理需求，提高他们的幸福感。
试验注册
注册日期：2021 年 8 月 20 日；注册号：ChiCTR2100050175。
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