Ruzicka Filip, Dutoit Ludovic, Czuppon Peter, Jordan Crispin Y, Li Xiang-Yi, Olito Colin, Runemark Anna, Svensson Erik I, Yazdi Homa Papoli, Connallon Tim
School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia.
Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.
Evol Lett. 2020 Aug 31;4(5):398-415. doi: 10.1002/evl3.192. eCollection 2020 Oct.
Sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation-in which alleles favored in one sex are disfavored in the other-is predicted to be common and has been documented in several animal and plant populations, yet we currently know little about its pervasiveness among species or its population genetic basis. Recent applications of genomics in studies of SA genetic variation have highlighted considerable methodological challenges to the identification and characterization of SA genes, raising questions about the feasibility of genomic approaches for inferring SA selection. The related fields of local adaptation and statistical genomics have previously dealt with similar challenges, and lessons from these disciplines can therefore help overcome current difficulties in applying genomics to study SA genetic variation. Here, we integrate theoretical and analytical concepts from local adaptation and statistical genomics research-including and statistics, genome-wide association studies, pedigree analyses, reciprocal transplant studies, and evolve-and-resequence experiments-to evaluate methods for identifying SA genes and genome-wide signals of SA genetic variation. We begin by developing theoretical models for between-sex and , including explicit null distributions for each statistic, and using them to critically evaluate putative multilocus signals of sex-specific selection in previously published datasets. We then highlight new statistics that address some of the limitations of and , along with applications of more direct approaches for characterizing SA genetic variation, which incorporate explicit fitness measurements. We finish by presenting practical guidelines for the validation and evolutionary analysis of candidate SA genes and discussing promising empirical systems for future work.
性拮抗（SA）遗传变异——即在一种性别中受到青睐的等位基因在另一种性别中不受青睐——预计很常见，并且已经在几个动植物种群中得到记录，但我们目前对其在物种中的普遍性或其群体遗传基础知之甚少。基因组学在SA遗传变异研究中的最新应用凸显了在鉴定和表征SA基因方面存在的重大方法学挑战，引发了关于用于推断SA选择的基因组方法可行性的问题。局部适应和统计基因组学等相关领域此前曾应对过类似挑战，因此这些学科的经验教训有助于克服当前在应用基因组学研究SA遗传变异方面的困难。在这里，我们整合了局部适应和统计基因组学研究中的理论和分析概念——包括FST和QST统计、全基因组关联研究、系谱分析、 reciprocal transplant研究以及进化与重测序实验——以评估识别SA基因和SA遗传变异全基因组信号的方法。我们首先为性别间的FST和QST建立理论模型，包括每个统计量的明确无效分布，并使用它们来严格评估先前发表的数据集中性别特异性选择的假定多位点信号。然后，我们强调了一些新的统计量，这些统计量解决了FST和QST的一些局限性，以及更直接的方法在表征SA遗传变异方面的应用，这些方法纳入了明确的适合度测量。我们最后提出了候选SA基因验证和进化分析的实用指南，并讨论了未来工作中前景广阔的实证系统。
