Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Sep 4;10:466. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00466. eCollection 2020.
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a resurging acute respiratory disease of humans primarily caused by the Gram-negative coccobacilli , and less commonly by the human-adapted lineage of . The ovine-adapted lineage of infects only sheep, while causes chronic and often asymptomatic respiratory infections in a broad range of mammals but rarely in humans. A largely overlapping set of virulence factors inflicts the pathogenicity of these bordetellae. Their genomes also harbor a pathogenicity island, named locus, that encodes components of the type III secretion injectosome, and adjacent locus with the type III regulatory proteins. The Bsc injectosome of bordetellae translocates the cytotoxic BteA effector protein, also referred to as BopC, into the cells of the mammalian hosts. While the role of type III secretion activity in the persistent colonization of the lower respiratory tract by is well recognized, the functionality of the type III secretion injectosome in was overlooked for many years due to the adaptation of laboratory-passaged strains. This review highlights the current knowledge of the type III secretion system in the so-called classical species, comprising , and , and discusses its functional divergence. Comparison with other well-studied bacterial injectosomes, regulation of the type III secretion on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, and activities of BteA effector protein and BopN protein, homologous to the type III secretion gatekeepers, are addressed.
百日咳，又称作“鸡咳”，是一种由革兰氏阴性小球杆菌引起的、再度流行的人类急性呼吸道疾病，较少见的情况是由适应人类的分支引起。适应绵羊的 分支只感染绵羊，而适应人类的 分支则会引起多种哺乳动物的慢性、通常无症状的呼吸道感染，但在人类中很少见。一大组重叠的毒力因子导致了这些博德特氏菌的致病性。它们的基因组还携带有一个致病性岛，命名为 locus，它编码 III 型分泌注射器的组件，以及相邻的 locus 带有 III 型调节蛋白。博德特氏菌的 Bsc 注射器将细胞毒性 BteA 效应蛋白（也称为 BopC）易位到哺乳动物宿主的细胞中。虽然 III 型分泌活性在 对下呼吸道的持续定植中的作用已得到广泛认可，但由于实验室传代的 菌株的适应，III 型分泌注射器在 中的功能多年来一直被忽视。这篇综述强调了所谓经典 物种（包括 、和 ）中的 III 型分泌系统的最新知识，并讨论了其功能分化。比较其他研究得很好的细菌注射器、III 型分泌在转录和转录后水平的调控，以及 BteA 效应蛋白和 BopN 蛋白（与 III 型分泌门卫同源）的活性，都在本文中得到了讨论。
