Lee Keehoon, Zhang Irene, Kyman Shari, Kask Oliver, Cope Emily Kathryn
Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Sep 4;10:472. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00472. eCollection 2020.
Host-associated bacteria and fungi, comprising the microbiota, are critical to host health. In the airways, the composition and diversity of the mucosal microbiota of patients are associated with airway health status. However, the relationship between airway microbiota and respiratory inflammation is not well-understood. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex disease that affects up to 14% of the US population. Previous studies have shown decreased microbial diversity in CRS patients and enrichment of either or . Although bacterial community composition is variable across CRS patients, is a dominant fungal genus in the upper airways of the majority of healthy and CRS subjects. We hypothesize that distinct bacterial-fungal interactions differentially influence host mucosal immune response. Thus, we investigated and interactions between , and . The interactions were evaluated using the modified Kirby-Bauer Assay, Crystal Violet assay for biofilm, and FISH. A pilot murine model of acute sinusitis was used to investigate relationships with the host immune response. and were intranasally instilled in the presence or absence of ( = 66 total mice; 3-5/group). Changes in the microbiota were determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and host immune response was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). , only late stage planktonic and its biofilms inhibited . Co-infection of mice with and or differently influenced the immune response. In co-infected mice, we demonstrate different expression of fungal sensing (Dectin-1), allergic responses (IL-5, and IL-13) and inflammation (IL-10, and IL-17) in murine sinus depending on the bacterial species that co-infected with ( < 0.05). The pilot results suggest that species-specific interactions in airway-associated microbiota may be implicated driving immune responses. The understanding of the role of bacterial-fungal interactions in CRS will contribute to development of novel therapies toward manipulation of the airway microbiota.
与宿主相关的细菌和真菌，即微生物群，对宿主健康至关重要。在气道中，患者黏膜微生物群的组成和多样性与气道健康状况相关。然而，气道微生物群与呼吸道炎症之间的关系尚未得到充分理解。慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）是一种复杂疾病，影响着高达14%的美国人口。先前的研究表明，CRS患者的微生物多样性降低，且[具体细菌种类1]或[具体细菌种类2]富集。尽管CRS患者的细菌群落组成各不相同，但[具体真菌属]是大多数健康人和CRS受试者上呼吸道中的优势真菌属。我们假设不同的细菌-真菌相互作用会以不同方式影响宿主黏膜免疫反应。因此，我们研究了[具体细菌种类1]、[具体细菌种类2]和[具体真菌属]之间的相互作用。使用改良的 Kirby-Bauer 试验、结晶紫生物膜试验和荧光原位杂交（FISH）评估这些相互作用。采用急性鼻窦炎小鼠模型来研究与宿主免疫反应的关系。在有或没有[具体细菌种类3]（共66只小鼠；每组3 - 5只）的情况下，将[具体细菌种类1]、[具体细菌种类2]和[具体真菌属]经鼻滴注。使用16S rRNA基因测序确定微生物群的变化，并使用定量实时聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）测量宿主免疫反应。仅晚期浮游的[具体细菌种类1]及其生物膜会抑制[具体细菌种类2]。小鼠同时感染[具体细菌种类1]和[具体真菌属]或[具体细菌种类2]和[具体真菌属]对免疫反应有不同影响。在共同感染的小鼠中，我们证明根据与[具体真菌属]共同感染的细菌种类不同，小鼠鼻窦中真菌感知（Dectin-1）、过敏反应（IL-5和IL-13）以及炎症（IL-10和IL-17）的表达存在差异（P < 0.05）。初步结果表明，气道相关微生物群中的物种特异性相互作用可能与驱动免疫反应有关。了解细菌-真菌相互作用在CRS中的作用将有助于开发针对气道微生物群调控的新型疗法。
