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在三维平台上对缺氧肿瘤微环境进行生物工程改造以研究肿瘤-免疫相互作用

Bioengineering the Oxygen-Deprived Tumor Microenvironment Within a Three-Dimensional Platform for Studying Tumor-Immune Interactions.

作者信息

Bhattacharya Somshuvra, Calar Kristin, Evans Claire, Petrasko Mark, de la Puente Pilar

机构信息

Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States.

Histology and Imaging Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States.

出版信息

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Sep 4;8:1040. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01040. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Oxygen deprivation within tumors is one of the most prevalent causes of resilient cancer cell survival and increased immune evasion in breast cancer (BCa). Current models do not adequately mimic physiological oxygen levels relevant to breast tissue and its tumor-immune interactions. In this study, we propose an approach to engineer a three-dimensional (3D) model (named 3D engineered oxygen, 3D-O) that supports the growth of BCa cells and generates physio- and pathophysiological oxygen levels to understand the role of oxygen availability in tumor-immune interactions. BCa cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were embedded into plasma-derived 3D-O scaffolds that reflected physio- and pathophysiological oxygen levels relevant to the healthy and cancerous breast tissue. BCa cells grown within 3D-O scaffolds were analyzed by flow cytometry, confocal imaging, immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence for cell proliferation, extracellular matrix protein expression, and alterations in immune evasive outcomes. Exosome secretion from 3D-O scaffolds were evaluated using the NanoSight particle analyzer. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incorporated on the top of 3D-O scaffolds and the difference in tumor-infiltrating capabilities as a result of different oxygen content were assessed by flow cytometry and confocal imaging. Lastly, hypoxia and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibition were validated as targets to sensitize BCa cells in order to overcome immune evasion. Low oxygen-induced adaptations within 3D-O scaffolds validated known tumor hypoxia characteristics such as reduced BCa cell proliferation, increased extracellular matrix protein expression, increased extracellular vesicle secretion and enhanced immune surface marker expression on BCa cells. We further demonstrated that low oxygen in 3D-O scaffolds significantly influence immune infiltration. CD8+ T cell infiltration was impaired under pathophysiological oxygen levels and we were also able to establish that hypoxia and PD-L1 inhibition re-sensitized BCa cells to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Bioengineering the oxygen-deprived BCa tumor microenvironment in our engineered 3D-O physiological and tumorous scaffolds supported known intra-tumoral hypoxia characteristics allowing the study of the role of oxygen availability in tumor-immune interactions. The 3D-O model could serve as a promising platform for the evaluation of immunological events and as a drug-screening platform tool to overcome hypoxia-driven immune evasion.

摘要

肿瘤内的缺氧是乳腺癌(BCa)中癌细胞顽强存活和免疫逃逸增加的最普遍原因之一。目前的模型不能充分模拟与乳腺组织及其肿瘤-免疫相互作用相关的生理氧水平。在本研究中,我们提出了一种构建三维(3D)模型(命名为3D工程氧,3D-O)的方法,该模型支持BCa细胞生长并产生生理和病理生理氧水平,以了解氧可用性在肿瘤-免疫相互作用中的作用。将BCa细胞(MDA-MB-231和MCF-7)嵌入血浆衍生的3D-O支架中,该支架反映了与健康和癌性乳腺组织相关的生理和病理生理氧水平。通过流式细胞术、共聚焦成像、免疫组织化学/免疫荧光分析3D-O支架内生长的BCa细胞的细胞增殖、细胞外基质蛋白表达以及免疫逃逸结果的变化。使用纳米可视颗粒分析仪评估3D-O支架的外泌体分泌。将外周血单核细胞置于3D-O支架顶部,通过流式细胞术和共聚焦成像评估不同氧含量导致的肿瘤浸润能力差异。最后,验证缺氧和程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)抑制作为使BCa细胞致敏以克服免疫逃逸的靶点。3D-O支架内低氧诱导的适应性验证了已知的肿瘤缺氧特征,如BCa细胞增殖减少、细胞外基质蛋白表达增加、细胞外囊泡分泌增加以及BCa细胞上免疫表面标志物表达增强。我们进一步证明,3D-O支架中的低氧显著影响免疫浸润。在病理生理氧水平下,CD8 + T细胞浸润受损,并且我们还能够确定缺氧和PD-L1抑制使BCa细胞对细胞毒性CD8 + T细胞重新致敏。在我们构建的3D-O生理和肿瘤支架中对缺氧的BCa肿瘤微环境进行生物工程改造,支持了已知的肿瘤内缺氧特征,从而能够研究氧可用性在肿瘤-免疫相互作用中的作用。3D-O模型可作为评估免疫事件的有前景的平台,以及作为克服缺氧驱动的免疫逃逸的药物筛选平台工具。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f1e7/7498579/051bb087ad17/fbioe-08-01040-g001.jpg

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