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天体物理学中的粒子-in-细胞方法：相对论性喷流模拟及天体物理系统中的动力学物理

PIC methods in astrophysics: simulations of relativistic jets and kinetic physics in astrophysical systems.

作者信息

Nishikawa Kenichi, Duţan Ioana, Köhn Christoph, Mizuno Yosuke

机构信息

Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, V. Murry Chambers Building, Normal, AL 35762 USA.

Institute of Space Science, Atomistilor 409, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.

出版信息

Living Rev Comput Astrophys. 2021;7(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s41115-021-00012-0. Epub 2021 Jul 8.

DOI:10.1007/s41115-021-00012-0
PMID:34722863
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8549980/
Abstract

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method has been developed by Oscar Buneman, Charles Birdsall, Roger W. Hockney, and John Dawson in the 1950s and, with the advances of computing power, has been further developed for several fields such as astrophysical, magnetospheric as well as solar plasmas and recently also for atmospheric and laser-plasma physics. Currently more than 15 semi-public PIC codes are available which we discuss in this review. Its applications have grown extensively with increasing computing power available on high performance computing facilities around the world. These systems allow the study of various topics of astrophysical plasmas, such as magnetic reconnection, pulsars and black hole magnetosphere, non-relativistic and relativistic shocks, relativistic jets, and laser-plasma physics. We review a plethora of astrophysical phenomena such as relativistic jets, instabilities, magnetic reconnection, pulsars, as well as PIC simulations of laser-plasma physics (until 2021) emphasizing the physics involved in the simulations. Finally, we give an outlook of the future simulations of jets associated to neutron stars, black holes and their merging and discuss the future of PIC simulations in the light of petascale and exascale computing.

摘要

粒子模拟（PIC）方法是由奥斯卡·布内曼、查尔斯·伯德索尔、罗杰·W·霍克尼和约翰·道森在20世纪50年代开发的。随着计算能力的提升，该方法在多个领域得到了进一步发展，如天体物理、磁层以及太阳等离子体领域，最近在大气和激光等离子体物理领域也有应用。目前有超过15种半公开的PIC代码可供使用，我们将在本综述中对其进行讨论。随着全球高性能计算设施计算能力的不断提高，其应用得到了广泛拓展。这些系统使得人们能够研究天体物理等离子体的各种课题，如磁重联、脉冲星和黑洞磁层、非相对论性和相对论性激波、相对论性喷流以及激光等离子体物理。我们综述了大量天体物理现象，如相对论性喷流、不稳定性、磁重联、脉冲星，以及激光等离子体物理的PIC模拟（截至2021年），重点强调模拟中涉及的物理过程。最后，我们展望了与中子星、黑洞及其合并相关的喷流的未来模拟，并根据千万亿次和百亿亿次计算探讨了PIC模拟的未来发展。

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