Mohd Noor Keeflee Siti Nurathirah Kamaliah, Wan Mohd Zain Wan Nur Azra, Mohd Nor Muhammad Nuruddin, Jamion Nurul' Ain, Yong Soon Kong
Soil Assessment and Remediation Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 77300 Merlimau, Jasin, Melaka, Malaysia.
Heliyon. 2020 Sep 28;6(9):e05086. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05086. eCollection 2020 Sep.
Cat manure (CM) possesses high level of nutrients for growing food crop. However, animal manure may contain toxic elements that may contaminate food crop. Spent coffee ground (SCG) may be used to reduce mobility of heavy metals and reduce crop uptake. In this study, SCG was composted with CM for 31 days to produce a co-compost (SCG-CM) for growing spinach (). The growth rate of spinach was assessed until its maturity, and the metal uptake of spinach shoot was determined thereafter using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The effect of soil treatment with SCG-CM on the height and elemental composition of spinach were compared with that of chicken manure compost (CMC). The prepared composts were primarily organic matter (72.9-81.4 % w/w) with the rest are ash (13.3-23.4 % w/w) and moisture (1.2-2.6 % w/w). Zinc content in SCG-CM (1261 ± 0.1 mg/kg) is significantly higher than that of soil and CMC (p < 0.05) and has exceeded the maximum permissible limit set by European Union Standard (2002) and the Malaysian Compost Quality Standard and Guidelines (2000). Matured spinach reached maximum plant height after 33 days. The amendment of SCG-CM significantly increased the height of spinach (32 ± 6 cm) compared to that of CMC (13 ± 1 cm) (p < 0.05). However, contents of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were not increased for spinach grown in the SCG-CM-amended soil, and the level of those elements are below permissible limit set by the Malaysian Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985. This study shows that SCG-CM is effective in improving yield without causing accumulation of toxic trace elements in spinach.
猫粪（CM）含有高水平的养分，可用于种植粮食作物。然而，动物粪便可能含有有毒元素，可能会污染粮食作物。咖啡渣（SCG）可用于降低重金属的迁移率并减少作物对重金属的吸收。在本研究中，将SCG与CM堆肥31天，以生产用于种植菠菜的混合堆肥（SCG-CM）。评估菠菜直至成熟的生长速率，之后使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定菠菜地上部分的金属吸收量。将用SCG-CM处理土壤对菠菜高度和元素组成的影响与鸡粪堆肥（CMC）进行比较。制备的堆肥主要是有机物（72.9-81.4% w/w），其余为灰分（13.3-23.4% w/w）和水分（1.2-2.6% w/w）。SCG-CM中的锌含量（1261±0.1 mg/kg）显著高于土壤和CMC中的锌含量（p<0.05），并且已超过欧盟标准（2002年）以及马来西亚堆肥质量标准和指南（2000年）设定的最大允许限量。成熟菠菜在33天后达到最大株高。与CMC（13±1 cm）相比，SCG-CM的添加显著增加了菠菜的高度（32±6 cm）（p<0.05）。然而，在SCG-CM改良土壤中生长的菠菜中锌、铜、铅和镉的含量并未增加，并且这些元素的含量低于马来西亚1983年《食品法》和1985年《食品条例》设定的允许限量。本研究表明，SCG-CM可有效提高产量，而不会导致菠菜中有毒微量元素的积累。
