Kamel Mohamed, Pavulraj Selvaraj, Fauler Beatrix, Mielke Thorsten, Azab Walid
Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Cairo, Egypt.
iScience. 2020 Oct 23;23(10):101615. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101615. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
Mononuclear cells are the first line of defense against microbial infection. Yet, several viruses have evolved different mechanisms to overcome host defenses to ensure their spread. Here, we show unique mechanisms of how equid herpesvirus-1 manipulates peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to travel further in the body. (1) "PBMC-hitching": at the initial contact, herpesviruses lurk in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of PBMC without entering the cells. The virus exploits the components of the ECM to bind, transport, and then egress to infect other cells. (2) "Intracellular delivery": transendothelial migration is a physiological mechanism where mononuclear cells can transmigrate through the endothelial cells. The virus was intangible and probably did not interfere with such a mechanism where the infected PBMC can probably deliver the virus inside the endothelium. (3) "Classical-fusion": this process is well mastered by herpesviruses due to a set of envelope glycoproteins that facilitate cell-cell fusion and virus spread.
单核细胞是抵御微生物感染的第一道防线。然而，几种病毒已经进化出不同的机制来克服宿主防御以确保其传播。在此，我们展示了马疱疹病毒1型如何操纵外周血单核细胞（PBMC）在体内进一步传播的独特机制。（1）“PBMC搭便车”：在初次接触时，疱疹病毒潜伏在外周血单核细胞的细胞外基质（ECM）中而不进入细胞。病毒利用细胞外基质的成分进行结合、运输，然后离开去感染其他细胞。（2）“细胞内递送”：跨内皮迁移是一种生理机制，单核细胞可通过该机制穿过内皮细胞。病毒是无形的，可能不会干扰这种机制，即被感染的外周血单核细胞可能会将病毒递送到内皮细胞内。（3）“经典融合”：由于一组促进细胞间融合和病毒传播的包膜糖蛋白，疱疹病毒很好地掌握了这个过程。
