Laval Kathlyn, Poelaert Katrien C K, Van Cleemput Jolien, Zhao Jing, Vandekerckhove Annelies P, Gryspeerdt Annick C, Garré Barbara, van der Meulen Karen, Baghi Hossein B, Dubale Haileleul N, Zarak Ines, Van Crombrugge Eline, Nauwynck Hans J
Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Division of Virology, Department Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Mar 4;12:662686. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662686. eCollection 2021.
Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an alphaherpesvirus related to pseudorabies virus (PRV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This virus is one of the major pathogens affecting horses worldwide. EHV-1 is responsible for respiratory disorders, abortion, neonatal foal death and equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Over the last decade, EHV-1 has received growing attention due to the frequent outbreaks of abortions and/or EHM causing serious economical losses to the horse industry worldwide. To date, there are no effective antiviral drugs and current vaccines do not provide full protection against EHV-1-associated diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of EHV-1 in order to develop effective therapies. The main objective of this review is to provide state-of-the-art information on the pathogenesis of EHV-1. We also highlight recent findings on EHV-1 immune evasive strategies at the level of the upper respiratory tract, blood circulation and endothelium of target organs allowing the virus to disseminate undetected in the host. Finally, we discuss novel approaches for drug development based on our current knowledge of the pathogenesis of EHV-1.
1型马疱疹病毒（EHV-1）是一种与伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）和水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）相关的α疱疹病毒。该病毒是影响全球马匹的主要病原体之一。EHV-1可导致呼吸系统疾病、流产、新生马驹死亡和马疱疹性脊髓炎（EHM）。在过去十年中，由于流产和/或EHM的频繁爆发给全球养马业造成严重经济损失，EHV-1受到了越来越多的关注。迄今为止，尚无有效的抗病毒药物，且目前的疫苗不能完全预防EHV-1相关疾病。因此，迫切需要更好地了解EHV-1的发病机制以开发有效的治疗方法。本综述的主要目的是提供有关EHV-1发病机制的最新信息。我们还强调了关于EHV-1在上呼吸道、血液循环和靶器官内皮水平的免疫逃避策略的最新发现，这些策略使病毒能够在宿主体内未被察觉地传播。最后，我们根据目前对EHV-1发病机制的了解，讨论药物开发的新方法。
