D'Andrea-Penna Gina M, Iversen John R, Chiba Andrea A, Khalil Alexander K, Minces Victor H
Neurosciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Institute for Neural Computation, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Cereb Cortex Commun. 2020;1(1):tgaa036. doi: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa036. Epub 2020 Jul 28.
The ability to integrate our perceptions across sensory modalities and across time, to execute and coordinate movements, and to adapt to a changing environment rests on temporal processing. Timing is essential for basic daily tasks, such as walking, social interaction, speech and language comprehension, and attention. Impaired temporal processing may contribute to various disorders, from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia to Parkinson's disease and dementia. The foundational importance of timing ability has yet to be fully understood; and popular tasks used to investigate behavioral timing ability, such as sensorimotor synchronization (SMS), engage a variety of processes in addition to the neural processing of time. The present study utilizes SMS in conjunction with a separate passive listening task that manipulates temporal expectancy while recording electroencephalographic data. Participants display a larger N1-P2 evoked potential complex to unexpected beats relative to temporally predictable beats, a differential we call the timing response index (TRI). The TRI correlates with performance on the SMS task: better synchronizers show a larger brain response to unexpected beats. The TRI, derived from the perceptually driven N1-P2 complex, disentangles the perceptual and motor components inherent in SMS and thus may serve as a neural marker of a more general temporal processing.
我们整合跨感官模态和跨时间的感知、执行和协调动作以及适应不断变化的环境的能力都依赖于时间处理。时间对于基本的日常任务至关重要，比如行走、社交互动、言语和语言理解以及注意力。时间处理受损可能导致各种疾病，从注意力缺陷多动障碍、精神分裂症到帕金森病和痴呆症。时间能力的基础重要性尚未得到充分理解；并且用于研究行为时间能力的流行任务，比如感觉运动同步（SMS），除了时间的神经处理之外还涉及多种过程。本研究将SMS与一个单独的被动听觉任务结合使用，该任务在记录脑电图数据时操纵时间预期。相对于时间上可预测的节拍，参与者对意外节拍显示出更大的N1 - P2诱发电位复合体，我们将这种差异称为时间反应指数（TRI）。TRI与SMS任务的表现相关：同步性更好的人对意外节拍表现出更大的大脑反应。源自感知驱动的N1 - P2复合体的TRI，解开了SMS中固有的感知和运动成分，因此可能作为更一般时间处理的神经标志物。
