Henry Richard S, Perrin Paul B, Coston Bethany M, Witten Tarynn M
College of Humanities & Sciences, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Department of Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Int J Transgend Health. 2019 Nov 13;21(1):58-69. doi: 10.1080/15532739.2019.1690612. eCollection 2020.
Research on transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) aging is limited. To date, most of the literature about TGNC aging has focused on discrimination (particularly in healthcare), violence and abuse, caregiving and family relations, and religiosity. The purposes of this study were to: (a) document concerns about aging among TGNC adults, including concerns that are identity-specific; (b) examine preparation for aging and end of life (i.e., familiarity and planning) among TGNC adults; and (c) examine potential differences in familiarity and planning based on gender identity. One hundred fifty-four individuals who currently or have ever identified as TGNC completed a national online survey assessing these constructs. TGNC individuals reported many concerns about aging, both gender identity-specific and not. The most common aging concern was losing the ability to care for themselves followed by having to go into a nursing home or assisted living facility. The age preparatory behaviors individuals were most commonly aware of included: life insurance, wills, organ donation, regular medical checkups, living wills, durable power of attorney for healthcare, and trusts. Gender-nonconforming individuals had significantly more familiarity with age preparatory behaviors than trans feminine individuals, but had lower levels of planning to engage in age preparatory behaviors than both trans masculine and trans feminine individuals. The current findings highlight the need for providers to address age preparatory behaviors with TGNC individuals or provide referrals to support individuals in this planning.
关于跨性别者和性别不一致（TGNC）人群衰老的研究有限。迄今为止，大多数关于TGNC人群衰老的文献都集中在歧视（尤其是在医疗保健方面）、暴力与虐待、照料与家庭关系以及宗教信仰上。本研究的目的是：（a）记录TGNC成年人对衰老的担忧，包括特定身份相关的担忧；（b）调查TGNC成年人对衰老和生命终结的准备情况（即熟悉程度和规划）；（c）研究基于性别认同在熟悉程度和规划方面的潜在差异。154名目前或曾经认定自己为TGNC的个体完成了一项全国性在线调查，以评估这些构念。TGNC个体报告了许多关于衰老的担忧，既有特定性别认同相关的，也有非特定性别认同相关的。最常见的衰老担忧是失去自理能力，其次是不得不进入养老院或辅助生活设施。个体最常意识到的衰老准备行为包括：人寿保险、遗嘱、器官捐赠、定期体检、生前遗嘱、医疗保健的持久授权书和信托。性别不一致的个体比跨性别女性个体对衰老准备行为的熟悉程度显著更高，但在参与衰老准备行为的规划方面，其水平低于跨性别男性和跨性别女性个体。目前的研究结果凸显了医疗服务提供者与TGNC个体讨论衰老准备行为或提供转介服务以支持个体进行此类规划的必要性。
