BCG 疫苗接种：当前澳大利亚实践的最新情况。

BCG vaccination: An update on current Australian practices.

机构信息

BBNSc, MBBS, DTMH, Infectious Diseases Advanced Trainee, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Vic.

MA, MBBS, DCH, DTM@H, FRCPCH, PhD, Professor of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Vic; Leader of Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children@s Research Institute, Vic; Head of Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children@s Hospital Melbourne, Vic.

出版信息

Aust J Gen Pract. 2020 Oct;49(10):651-655. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-06-20-5490.

DOI:10.31128/AJGP-06-20-5490

PMID:33015679

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is primarily used to prevent tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease in settings with high TB incidence.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review article is to describe the current uses of BCG vaccination in Australia, including the indications and contraindications, efficacy and other off-target effects, and the role of the general practitioner.

DISCUSSION

BCG vaccination in Australia is primarily used to prevent TB in neonates and children with a high risk of TB exposure. The BCG vaccine is most effective at preventing severe disseminated TB disease in young children and has variable efficacy in preventing adult disease. The BCG vaccine is usually well tolerated; however, given the small risk of adverse effects, vaccination should be undertaken by a practitioner experienced in its administration. When indicated, the BCG vaccine is available from specialist TB or travel medicine centres.

摘要

背景

卡介苗（BCG）疫苗主要用于在结核病发病率较高的环境中预防结核分枝杆菌（TB）感染和疾病。

目的

本综述文章旨在描述卡介苗疫苗在澳大利亚的当前用途，包括适应证和禁忌证、疗效和其他非靶向效应，以及全科医生的作用。

讨论

澳大利亚的卡介苗疫苗主要用于预防新生儿和有高结核暴露风险的儿童的结核病。卡介苗疫苗在预防幼儿严重播散性结核病方面最有效，对预防成人疾病的疗效不一。卡介苗疫苗通常具有良好的耐受性；然而，鉴于其不良反应的风险较小，接种应由具有接种经验的从业者进行。在有指征的情况下，卡介苗疫苗可从专科结核病或旅行医学中心获得。