Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstr. 15, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2020 Oct 20;96(11). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa204.
The drainage of peatlands for their agricultural use leads to huge emissions of greenhouse gases. One sustainable alternative is the cultivation of peat mosses after rewetting ('Sphagnum farming'). Environmental parameters of such artificial systems may differ from those of natural Sphagnum ecosystems which host a rich fungal community. We studied the fungal community at a 4 ha Sphagnum farming field site in Northwestern Germany and compared it with that of natural Sphagnum ecosystems. Additionally, we asked if any fungi occur with potentially negative consequences for the commercial production and/or use of Sphagnum biomass. Samples were collected every 3 months within 1 year. High-throughput sequencing of the fungal ITS2 barcode was used to obtain a comprehensive community profile of the fungi. The dominant taxa in the fungal community of the Sphagnum farming field site were all commonly reported from natural Sphagnum ecosystems. While the taxonomic composition showed clear differences between seasons, a stable functional community profile was identified across seasons. Additionally, nutrient supply seems to affect composition of fungal community. Despite a rather high abundance of bryophyte parasites, and the occurrence of both Sphagnum-species-specific and general plant pathogens, their impact on the productivity and usage of Sphagnum biomass as raw material for growing media was considered to be low.
泥炭地的排水用于农业用途会导致大量温室气体排放。一种可持续的替代方法是在重新湿地后种植泥炭藓（“泥炭藓养殖”）。这种人工系统的环境参数可能与那些拥有丰富真菌群落的天然泥炭藓生态系统不同。我们研究了德国西北部一个 4 公顷的泥炭藓养殖场地的真菌群落，并将其与天然泥炭藓生态系统进行了比较。此外，我们还询问了是否有任何真菌会对商业生产和/或使用泥炭藓生物量产生潜在负面影响。在一年内的每个 3 个月收集一次样本。通过对真菌 ITS2 条码进行高通量测序，获得了真菌的综合群落图谱。在泥炭藓养殖场地的真菌群落中，优势类群均为天然泥炭藓生态系统中常见的类群。虽然分类组成在季节之间表现出明显差异，但在整个季节中都确定了稳定的功能群落图谱。此外，养分供应似乎会影响真菌群落的组成。尽管存在相当多的苔藓植物寄生虫，以及两种特定于泥炭藓的和一般性的植物病原体的发生，但它们对泥炭藓生物量作为生长介质原料的生产力和使用的影响被认为是低的。
