Filippova Nina, Zvyagina Elena, Rudykina Elena, Dobrynina Alevtina, Bolshakov Sergey
Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia Yugra State University Khanty-Mansiysk Russia.
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia.
Biodivers Data J. 2023 Oct 20;11:e105111. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e105111. eCollection 2023.
Peatland ecosystems are defined by soils with sufficient under-decomposed organic layer, called peat, formed under anoxic conditions. Peatlands are widespread around the world, with several highly paludified regions, one of which is the Western Siberian Plain. Peatlands store large amounts of carbon and are important in their intact state to counteract climate change, as well as for a variety of other ecosystem functions. From the practical aspect, these ecosystems are used as a source of peat for fuel, peat-based fertilisers and growing media, berries and plantations. Fungi are the key part of the decomposer community of peatlands, playing a critical role in the aerobic decomposition in the upper peat layer. The community of peatland fungi is adapted to decomposition of peat and dead parts of in wet acidic conditions; they form specific mycorrhizal associations with a variety of plants. Thus, the research of fungal diversity of peatlands is important for several reasons: 1) adding knowledge of peatland fungal diversity to local or global biodiversity databases; 2) studying carbon cycling in peatlands; 3) using peat and peatlands for different applications, such as cultivation of with regards to some parasitic species of fungi and 4) peatland restoration and conservation, to mention a few.
The community of macromycetes of the raised bog "Mukhrino" in Western Siberia was studied using plot-based monitoring throughout a 9-year observation period. The revealed species diversity is represented by approximately 500 specimens in the Fungarium of Yugra State University collection. Selected specimens were used for barcoding of the ITS region to reveal a total of 95 species from 33 genera and three classes. The barcoding effort confirmed morphological identifications for most specimens and identified a number of cryptic species and several potentially new taxa. Based on regular all-season observations, we describe the phenology of the community sporophore production. The quantitative community structure, based on sporophores, revealed a difference in abundance between species by four orders of magnitude, with rare species representing nearly half of the species list. The inter-annual fruiting abundance varied several times by the total number of sporophores per year. To make the comparisons with global studies, we created an open access database of literature-based observations of fungi in peatlands, based on about 120 published papers (comprising about 1300 species) and compared our species list with this database.As a result, the study created an accurate representation of taxonomic and quantitative structure of the community of macromycetes in raised bogs in the region. The raw data of plot-based counts was published as a sampling-event dataset and the sequenced specimens with the sequence information as an DNA-derived extension dataset in GBIF.
泥炭地生态系统由在缺氧条件下形成的、具有充足未充分分解有机层（即泥炭）的土壤所定义。泥炭地在全球广泛分布，有几个高度沼泽化的地区，其中之一是西西伯利亚平原。泥炭地储存着大量碳，其完整状态对于应对气候变化以及多种其他生态系统功能都很重要。从实际角度来看，这些生态系统被用作泥炭的来源，用于燃料、泥炭基肥料和种植介质、浆果及种植园。真菌是泥炭地分解者群落的关键部分，在上层泥炭层的有氧分解中发挥着关键作用。泥炭地真菌群落适应在潮湿酸性条件下分解泥炭和植物的死亡部分；它们与多种植物形成特定的菌根共生关系。因此，研究泥炭地真菌多样性具有重要意义，原因如下：1）将泥炭地真菌多样性知识添加到本地或全球生物多样性数据库中；2）研究泥炭地中的碳循环；3）在涉及某些寄生真菌物种的情况下，将泥炭和泥炭地用于不同用途，例如种植；4）泥炭地恢复和保护等等。
在9年的观测期内，通过基于样地的监测对西西伯利亚“穆赫里诺”高位沼泽的大型真菌群落进行了研究。在秋明州立大学真菌标本馆收藏的约500个标本中呈现出所揭示的物种多样性。选取的标本用于ITS区域的条形码分析，共鉴定出33个属和三个纲的95个物种。条形码分析工作证实了大多数标本的形态学鉴定结果，并识别出一些隐存物种和几个潜在的新分类单元。基于全年定期观测，我们描述了群落子实体产生的物候特征。基于子实体的定量群落结构显示，物种丰度相差四个数量级，稀有物种占物种列表的近一半。每年子实体的结实丰度因年份不同而变化数次。为了与全球研究进行比较，我们基于约120篇已发表论文（包含约1300个物种）创建了一个基于文献的泥炭地真菌观测开放获取数据库，并将我们的物种列表与该数据库进行了比较。结果，该研究准确呈现了该地区高位沼泽大型真菌群落的分类和定量结构。基于样地计数的原始数据作为一个采样事件数据集发布，而带有序列信息的测序标本作为GBIF中的DNA衍生扩展数据集发布。
