Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Biological and Health Psychology, C/Iván Pavlov, 6., Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid 28049, Spain.
Res Dev Disabil. 2020 Dec;107:103781. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103781. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
The neuropsychological profile of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has been described as being characterized by dissociations between verbal and visual abilities, as well as between verbal comprehension and production abilities (higher visual than verbal abilities and higher verbal comprehension than verbal production abilities). However, the studies that reached these conclusions based these conclusions mainly on inter-group differences in children but not on intra-group differences.
The study explores dissociations in adults with DS, taking inter-group and intra-group differences into account.
The sample was composed of 40 adults with DS and 38 adults with moderate intellectual disability (ID) but without DS, matched for chronological age, sex, and intellectual level.
The participants with DS, unlike the other group, exhibited similar performance in their verbal and visual abilities, as well as in their verbal comprehension and production abilities (intra-group differences). In addition, they showed worse performance in verbal general measures and verbal comprehension abilities but similar performance in visual general measures and verbal production abilities (inter-group differences) compared with those without DS with similar intellectual levels on standardized measures.
The observed intra-group differences highlight that a lack of dissociation between verbal and visual abilities, as well as between verbal comprehension and production abilities, seems to be a specific feature of adults with DS.
唐氏综合征（DS）患者的神经心理学特征表现为言语和视觉能力之间，以及言语理解和言语产生能力之间的分离（视觉能力高于言语能力，言语理解能力高于言语产生能力）。然而，得出这些结论的研究主要基于儿童的组间差异，而不是组内差异。
本研究旨在探讨唐氏综合征患者的分离现象，同时考虑到组间和组内差异。
该样本由 40 名唐氏综合征成人和 38 名无唐氏综合征但智力水平相当的中度智力障碍（ID）成人组成，匹配了年龄、性别和智力水平。
与其他组不同，DS 组的参与者在言语和视觉能力、言语理解和言语产生能力方面表现出相似的成绩（组内差异）。此外，与具有相似智力水平的非 DS 组相比，他们在言语一般测量和言语理解能力方面表现较差，但在视觉一般测量和言语产生能力方面表现相似（组间差异）。
这些观察到的组内差异表明，唐氏综合征患者言语和视觉能力之间，以及言语理解和言语产生能力之间缺乏分离，这似乎是其特定特征。
