Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA.
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 May 4;23(5):856-860. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa201.
As the use of electronic cigarette (EC) continues to rise in the United States, especially among adolescents and young adults, it is necessary to better understand the factors associated with EC initiation. Specifically, it is unclear how genetic and environmental contributions influence the initiation of EC. Furthermore, the degree to which genetic and environmental influences are shared between EC initiation and conventional cigarette (CC) initiation is unknown.
A sample of young adult twins ages 15-20 (N = 858 individuals; 421 complete twin pairs) was used to estimate the genetic and environmental influences on the liability of initiation unique to EC and CC as well as the degree to which these factors are shared between the two. Approximately 24% of participants initiated the use of EC, 19% initiated the use of CC, and 11% initiated the dual use.
Combined contributions of additive genetic and shared environmental influences were significant for CC (ACC = 0.19 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0-0.79], p = 0.57; CCC = 0.42 [95% CI = 0-0.70], p = 0.13) and EC (AEC = 0.25 [95% CI = 0-0.83, p = 0.44; CEC = 0.42 [95% CI = 0-0.73], p = 0.12), whereas unique environmental influences were significant (ECC = 0.39 [95% CI = 0.18-0.57], p < 0.001; EEC = 0.32 [95% CI = 0.14-0.56], p < 0.001). Results also demonstrated a significant overlap of the unique environmental (rE = 0.87, p < 0.001) and familial influences contributing to correlation between the two phenotypes in the bivariate analysis.
These preliminary results suggest that both genes and environmental influences are potential drivers of EC initiation among adolescents and young adults.
This article is the first to use a sample of twin to estimate the contributions of genetic and environmental influences toward EC initiation and estimate the potential for overlapping influences with CC initiation. This study has implications for future debate about the etiology of EC and CC use with respect to potential overlapping genetic and environmental influences.
随着电子烟（EC）在美国的使用不断增加，特别是在青少年和年轻人中，有必要更好地了解与 EC 起始相关的因素。具体来说，尚不清楚遗传和环境因素如何影响 EC 的起始。此外，遗传和环境因素对 EC 起始和传统香烟（CC）起始的影响程度尚不清楚。
使用了一组 15-20 岁的年轻成年双胞胎样本（N=858 人；421 对完整双胞胎），以估计 EC 和 CC 起始独特的遗传和环境影响，以及这些因素在两者之间的共享程度。大约 24%的参与者开始使用 EC，19%的参与者开始使用 CC，11%的参与者同时开始使用这两种产品。
CC（AEC=0.25[95%置信区间{CI}=0-0.83，p=0.44；CEC=0.42[95%CI=0-0.70]，p=0.13]和 EC（AEC=0.25[95%CI=0-0.83，p=0.44；CEC=0.42[95%CI=0-0.70]，p=0.13]的加性遗传和共享环境影响的综合贡献是显著的，而独特的环境影响是显著的（ECC=0.39[95%CI=0.18-0.57，p<0.001；EEC=0.32[95%CI=0.14-0.56]，p<0.001）。结果还表明，在双变量分析中，两个表型之间的相关性的独特环境（rE=0.87，p<0.001）和家族影响有显著的重叠。
这些初步结果表明，遗传和环境因素都是青少年和年轻人开始使用 EC 的潜在驱动因素。
本文是第一篇使用双胞胎样本来估计遗传和环境因素对 EC 起始的贡献，并估计与 CC 起始重叠影响的潜力的文章。这一研究对未来关于 EC 和 CC 使用的病因学的辩论具有意义，因为这涉及到潜在的遗传和环境影响的重叠。
