Vellacott I D, O'Brien P M
J Reprod Med. 1987 Jun;32(6):429-34.
The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has long been considered one in which fluid retention plays an important role. Detailed studies, however, have failed to reveal good evidence for this assumption, and investigations of weight change and of sodium and water balance have yielded contradictory results. Even so, a number of the etiologic theories and treatment regimens are based on this premise. Many of the endocrine theories depend on the endocrine effect on water balance to explain the mechanism, and the treatment often proposed involves salt and water restriction and the liberal use of diuretics. There is no justification for this advice except for a few well-conducted studies that showed the benefits of diuretic therapy. The evidence from these studies suggests that diuretics, especially spironolactone, have a particular role in the management of the PMS symptoms of bloatedness and abdominal distension despite the fact that the underlying water retention theory remains in doubt. An improvement in the various psychologic symptoms of PMS has also been reported.
经前综合征（PMS）长期以来一直被认为是一种液体潴留起重要作用的病症。然而，详细研究未能为这一假设提供有力证据，体重变化以及钠和水平衡的调查结果相互矛盾。即便如此，许多病因理论和治疗方案都是基于这一前提。许多内分泌理论依赖于内分泌对水平衡的影响来解释其机制，通常建议的治疗方法包括限制盐和水的摄入以及大量使用利尿剂。除了一些精心开展的研究表明利尿剂治疗有益外，这种建议并无依据。这些研究的证据表明，尽管潜在的液体潴留理论仍存疑问，但利尿剂，尤其是螺内酯，在管理PMS的腹胀和腹部膨隆症状方面具有特殊作用。也有报告称PMS的各种心理症状有所改善。
