Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
J Appl Microbiol. 2021 May;130(5):1425-1441. doi: 10.1111/jam.14883. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Human gut microbiome is a diversified, resilient, immuno-stabilized, metabolically active and physiologically essential component of the human body. Scientific explorations have been made to seek in-depth information about human gut microbiome establishment, microbiome functioning, microbiome succession, factors influencing microbial community dynamics and the role of gut microbiome in health and diseases. Extensive investigations have proposed the microbiome therapeutics as a futuristic medicine for various physiological and metabolic disorders. A comprehensive outlook of microbial colonization, host-microbe interactions, microbial adaptation, commensal selection and immuno-survivability is still required to catalogue the essential genetic and physiological features for the commensal engagement. Evolution of a structured human gut microbiome relies on the microbial flexibility towards genetic, immunological and physiological adaptation in the human gut. Key features for commensalism could be utilized in developing tailor-made microbiome-based therapy to overcome various physiological and metabolic disorders. This review describes the key genetics and physiological traits required for host-microbe interaction and successful commensalism to institute a human gut microbiome.
人类肠道微生物组是人体多样化、有弹性、免疫稳定、代谢活跃和生理必需的组成部分。科学家们一直在探索，以寻求关于人类肠道微生物组建立、微生物组功能、微生物组演替、影响微生物群落动态的因素以及肠道微生物组在健康和疾病中的作用的深入信息。广泛的研究提出了微生物组治疗学作为一种治疗各种生理和代谢紊乱的未来医学。为了对共生体的必需遗传和生理特征进行编目，仍需要全面了解微生物定殖、宿主-微生物相互作用、微生物适应性、共生选择和免疫生存能力。结构化的人类肠道微生物组的进化依赖于微生物在人类肠道中对遗传、免疫和生理适应的灵活性。共生的关键特征可用于开发定制的基于微生物组的疗法，以克服各种生理和代谢紊乱。本综述描述了宿主-微生物相互作用和成功共生所必需的关键遗传和生理特征，以建立人类肠道微生物组。
