Cahana Inbal, Iraqi Fuad A
Department of Human Microbiology and Immunology Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv Israel.
Animal Model Exp Med. 2020 Sep 17;3(3):229-236. doi: 10.1002/ame2.12134. eCollection 2020 Sep.
The intestinal microbiome has emerged as an important component involved in various diseases. Therefore, the interest in understanding the factors shaping its composition is growing. The gut microbiome, often defined as a complex trait, contains diverse components and its properties are determined by a combination of external and internal effects. Although much effort has been invested so far, it is still difficult to evaluate the extent to which human genetics shape the composition of the gut microbiota. However, in mouse studies, where the environmental factors are better controlled, the effect of the genetic background was significant. The purpose of this paper is to provide a current assessment of the role of human host genetics in shaping the gut microbiome composition. Despite the inconsistency of the reported results, it can be estimated that the genetic factor affects a portion of the microbiome. However, this effect is currently lower than the initial estimates, and it is difficult to separate the genetic influence from the environmental effect. Additionally, despite the differences between the microbial composition of humans and mice, results from mouse models can strengthen our knowledge of host genetics underlying the human gut microbial variation.
肠道微生物群已成为参与各种疾病的一个重要组成部分。因此，人们对了解影响其组成的因素的兴趣与日俱增。肠道微生物群通常被定义为一种复杂性状，包含多种成分，其特性由外部和内部影响共同决定。尽管到目前为止已经投入了大量精力，但仍然难以评估人类基因在多大程度上塑造了肠道微生物群的组成。然而，在环境因素得到更好控制的小鼠研究中，遗传背景的影响是显著的。本文的目的是对人类宿主基因在塑造肠道微生物群组成中的作用进行当前评估。尽管报告结果存在不一致性，但可以估计遗传因素会影响一部分微生物群。然而，目前这种影响低于最初的估计，并且很难将遗传影响与环境影响区分开来。此外，尽管人类和小鼠的微生物组成存在差异，但小鼠模型的结果可以增强我们对人类肠道微生物变异背后宿主基因的认识。
