Martínez Ailín, Velázquez Lidiana, Díaz Rommy, Huaiquipán Rodrigo, Pérez Isabela, Muñoz Alex, Valdés Marcos, Sepúlveda Néstor, Paz Erwin, Quiñones John
Doctoral Program in Science Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4800000, Chile.
Meat Quality Innovation and Technology Centre (CTI-Carne), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
Microorganisms. 2024 Aug 23;12(9):1750. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12091750.
The microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that inhabit a specific environment. It plays a significant role in human health, from food digestion to immune system strengthening. The "Novel Foods" refer to foods or ingredients that have not been consumed by humans in the European Union before 1997. Currently, there is growing interest in understanding how "Novel Foods" affect the microbiome and human health. The aim of this review was to assess the effects of "Novel Foods" on the human gut microbiome. Research was conducted using scientific databases, focusing on the literature published since 2000, with an emphasis on the past decade. In general, the benefits derived from this type of diet are due to the interaction between polyphenols, oligosaccharides, prebiotics, probiotics, fibre content, and the gut microbiome, which selectively promotes specific microbial species and increases microbial diversity. More research is being conducted on the consumption of novel foods to demonstrate how they affect the microbiome and, thus, human health. Consumption of novel foods with health-promoting properties should be further explored to maintain the diversity and functionality of the gut microbiome as a potential tool to prevent the onset and progression of chronic diseases.
微生物群是栖息在特定环境中的微生物的复杂生态系统。它在人类健康中发挥着重要作用，从食物消化到增强免疫系统。“新型食品”是指1997年之前在欧盟未被人类食用过的食品或成分。目前，人们越来越关注了解“新型食品”如何影响微生物群和人类健康。本综述的目的是评估“新型食品”对人类肠道微生物群的影响。研究使用科学数据库进行，重点关注2000年以来发表的文献，尤其侧重于过去十年的文献。一般来说，这类饮食带来的益处归因于多酚、低聚糖、益生元、益生菌、纤维含量与肠道微生物群之间的相互作用，这种相互作用选择性地促进特定微生物物种生长并增加微生物多样性。关于新型食品消费的研究正在不断开展，以证明它们如何影响微生物群，进而影响人类健康。应进一步探索食用具有促进健康特性的新型食品以维持肠道微生物群的多样性和功能，将其作为预防慢性病发生和发展的潜在手段。
