Muma Shadrack, Obonyo Stephen
Department of Public Health, Maseno University, Po Box 811, Kisumu, Kenya.
Department of Computing and Informatics, Strathmore University, Nairobi City, Kenya.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct 7;20(1):399. doi: 10.1186/s12886-020-01665-w.
Visual impairment is the partial or complete loss of vision in which the presenting visual acuity lie between 6/18-no perceptions of light. In Kenya, little attention has been directed towards children vision and causes of visual impairment. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya.
This cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5-16 years). Visual acuity was taken using Snellens chart at 6 m. Anterior and posterior segment was assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization definition formed the baseline for calculating the mean prevalence of visual impairment.
Visual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The mean prevalence of visual impairment based on pin-hole value was 1.7 ± 0.3% using World Health Organization definition. The prevalence of visual impairment based on presenting visual acuity value was 2.4 ± 0.7% using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P = .021) and uncorrected refractive error (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032) according to World Health Organization definition. Cases of uncorrected refractive error remained the major cause for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were nystagmus (14%), amblyopia (24%) and uncorrected refractive error (62%).
The prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya is associated with age. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.
视力损害是指视力部分或完全丧失，其当前视力在6/18至无光感之间。在肯尼亚，很少有人关注儿童视力及视力损害的原因。因此，本研究旨在调查肯尼亚儿童群体中视力损害的患病率及原因。
这项基于人群的横断面研究纳入了3400名（1800名，52.9%为女性）随机选取的儿童，平均年龄为12±2岁（范围5 - 16岁）。在6米处使用斯内伦视力表测量视力。使用裂隙灯和间接检眼镜评估眼前段和眼后段。世界卫生组织的定义构成了计算视力损害平均患病率的基线。
3240名（95.3%）参与者有视力测量数据。根据世界卫生组织的定义，基于针孔视力值的视力损害平均患病率为1.7±0.3%。基于当前视力值的视力损害患病率为2.4±0.7%。多因素分析表明，根据世界卫生组织的定义，针孔视力存在视力损害的情况随年龄增长（优势比1.230，P = 0.021）和未矫正屈光不正（优势比0.834，P = 0.032）而显著增加。未矫正屈光不正病例仍是当前视力损害的主要原因。因当前视力导致视力损害的原因包括眼球震颤（14%）、弱视（24%）和未矫正屈光不正（62%）。
肯尼亚视力损害的患病率与年龄有关。未矫正屈光不正仍是视力损害的主要原因。
