School of Engineering and Automotive, HAN University of Applied Science, P.O. Box 2217, 6802 CE, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and AI, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 407, 9700 AK, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 7;10(1):16688. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73833-3.
It is rigorously proved that ideal memcapacitors and meminductors are not passive or cyclo-passive devices. Equivalently, this implies that there exist excitation profiles that allow to extract more energy from the device than it is supplied with; so that their energy conversion efficiency exceeds 100%. This means that ideal memcapacitors and meminductors violate the First Law of thermodynamics, and thus are non-physical as they constitute so-called overunity systems. An illustrative mechanical analogue is provided for which such an excitation profile is explicitly constructed. Hence ideal memcapacitors and meminductors are mathematical artefacts, and the question arises what this implies for the properties of non-ideal memcapacitors and meminductors (or, memcapacitive systems and meminductive systems), which do satisfy the First Law.
严格证明，理想的超级电容器和超级电感器不是无源或非循环无源器件。等效地，这意味着存在激励配置，可以从器件中提取比提供的更多的能量；因此，它们的能量转换效率超过 100%。这意味着理想的超级电容器和超级电感器违反了热力学第一定律，因此是非物理的，因为它们构成了所谓的超能量系统。为此提供了一个说明性的机械类比，其中明确构建了这样的激励配置。因此，理想的超级电容器和超级电感器是数学上的人为产物，那么这对满足第一定律的非理想超级电容器和超级电感器（或超级电容系统和超级电感系统）的特性意味着什么。
