Ona Genís, Bouso José Carlos
ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Tarragona, Spain.
ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Tarragona, Spain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Dec;119:194-203. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.035. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
Microdosing psychedelic drugs-that is, taking sub-behavioral doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or psilocybin-is a growing practice in Western societies. Taken mainly for creative or mood-enhancing purposes, thousands of users are increasingly being exposed to (micro)doses of psychedelic drugs. In this systematic review, we searched the available evidence from human studies, focusing our results in terms of three main axes: efficacy, safety, and the influence of the placebo effect in microdosing practices. While the available evidence has some strengths (e.g. large sample sizes, robust methodologies) there are also remarkable limitations (e.g. gender bias, heterogeneity of dosing schedules and drugs used). Highly contradictory results have been found, showing both the benefits and detriments of microdosing in terms of mood, creative processes, and energy, among other regards. This review provides a general overview of the methods and approaches used, which could be useful for improving future studies.
微量服用迷幻药物——即服用低于产生行为影响剂量的麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）或裸盖菇素——在西方社会正成为一种越来越普遍的行为。主要出于创意或改善情绪的目的，成千上万的使用者越来越多地接触到（微量）迷幻药物。在这项系统综述中，我们检索了来自人体研究的现有证据，并将结果聚焦于三个主要方面：疗效、安全性以及微量服用实践中安慰剂效应的影响。虽然现有证据有一些优势（例如样本量大、方法可靠），但也存在显著局限性（例如性别偏见、给药方案和所用药物的异质性）。已发现高度矛盾的结果，显示出微量服用在情绪、创意过程和精力等方面既有益处也有弊端。本综述提供了所使用方法和途径的总体概述，这可能有助于改进未来的研究。
