National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jan 1;277:111450. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111450. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
Ponds are a typical feature of many villages in the subtropics, and have been widely used as important sources of water for agriculture, aquaculture and groundwater recharge, as well as enhancing village resilience to floods and drought. Currently many village ponds are in a very poor state and in dire need of rejuvenation. This paper assesses the current water quality status and ecological health of twelve sub-tropical village ponds, situated in western Uttar Pradesh, India. This assessment is used to evaluate their wastewater treatment needs in relation to potential village uses of the water. Physico-chemical (Secchi depth, Total phosphorus and Total nitrogen) and biological (Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a) indicators highlight hypertrophic conditions in all the ponds. The study indicates that the status of village ponds requires significant investments in wastewater treatment to restore their use for many purposes, including aquaculture, although some may still be acceptable for irrigation purposes, as long as pathogenic bacteria are not abundant. We propose increased implementation of decentralised systems for wastewater treatment, such as septic tanks and constructed wetlands, to reduce the organic and nutrient loads entering village ponds and allow their use for a wider range of purposes.
池塘是亚热带地区许多村庄的典型特征，被广泛用作农业、水产养殖和地下水补给的重要水源，以及增强村庄抵御洪水和干旱的能力。目前，许多村庄池塘的状况非常糟糕，急需恢复生机。本文评估了印度北方邦西部的 12 个亚热带村庄池塘的当前水质状况和生态健康状况。该评估用于评估与水的潜在村庄用途相关的废水处理需求。物理化学（透明度、总磷和总氮）和生物（浮游植物叶绿素-a）指标突出了所有池塘的富营养化状况。研究表明，村庄池塘的状况需要在废水处理方面进行大量投资，以恢复其用于多种用途，包括水产养殖，尽管一些池塘仍可用于灌溉，只要不含有大量致病细菌。我们建议增加实施分散式废水处理系统，如化粪池和人工湿地，以减少进入村庄池塘的有机和营养负荷，从而允许更广泛地用于各种用途。
